1,721,331 research outputs found
From Mindfulness of Nature to Mindfulness for Nature: The Gestalt-Ontology of Arne Næss
No full textThe application of Gestalt-theoretical ideas is not restricted to repeatable empirical experiments or therapeutic support. It may not even be restricted to purely human perception and cognition. As W. Köhler has already shown in 'Die physischen Gestalten' (1920), Gestalt-entities can also be classified as existing in certain domains and processes of reality itself. The ontological significance of this claim has been developed in a remarkable and consistent way by Norwegian eco-philosopher Arne Næss (1912-2009). The main hypothesis of his so-called Gestalt-ontology consists in the attribution of secondary and tertiary qualities (like feelings, values and other qualia) to reality as its concrete and partially experienceable Gestalt-like contents. In his view, reality - and nature in particular - is in- finitely rich in Gestalts and therefore infinitely full of value and mind. From this ontological position, Næss draws ethical and ‘eco-sophical’ consequences for a mindful treatment of nature. In this paper, I would like to discuss (a) how exactly Næss’ Gestalt-ontology and his notion of higher order Gestalts can be traced back to the original positions of C. von Ehrenfels, W. Köhler, and M. Wertheimer, (b) the practical consequences Næss’ Gestalt-ontology entails, and (c) the general relevance and possibility of enriching the ontological quest of delineating fundamental structures of reality with insights and the terminology of Gestalt-theory
Doodles of Being: Surveying, Defining, and Identifying the Idea of Ontography
No full textSome philosophers enrich their ontological theories with graphical elements. Others declare ‘ontography’ as coequal or superior to ontology to justify and disclose methodical ways with which being can be modelled or experienced. This article will provide a survey of the idea of ontography. Out of historical instances, a definition will be developed and its applicability be demonstrated by means of an identification of H. Rombach's Strukturontologie as being ‘ontographical’ according to parts of the definition. The conclusion of this article will suggest further developments for ontography
Was heißt Ontographie? Vorarbeit zu einer visuellen Ontologie am Beispiel Heinrich Rombachs
No full textIn gegenwärtigen philosophischen Texten taucht an voneinander unabhängigen Stellen der Begriff der Ontographie auf, der dabei allenfalls flüchtig charakterisiert und der Ontologie als Korrelat entgegengehalten wird. Das vorliegende Buch versteht sich als erster Versuch nicht nur einer ausdrücklichen Behandlung, sondern auch einer Definition und Begriffsanalyse dieses kaum erforschten Konzepts, dessen systematische Aufbereitung zugleich einen meta-ontologischen Schlüssel für alternative, kunstorientierte und phänomenologische Ontologien bereitzustellen vermag. Dies wird beispielhaft am Werk von Heinrich Rombach (1923-2004) vorgeführt, indem dieses einer ontographischen Interpretation unterzogen und innerhalb dieser Interpretation zugleich klassifiziert und rekontextualisiert wird. In welchem Verhältnis die hier entwickelte Ontographie zur Ontologie steht und ob jene nicht im Verlauf ihrer inhaltlichen Bestimmung ihren eigenen Namen übersteigt, indem die terminologische Seinsbezogenheit in ein umgreifenderes Bezugssystem eingeordnet wird, macht ebenfalls den Gegenstand des vorliegenden Buches aus
Ästhetische und utopische Fiktionen. Stationen einer Gebietsvermessung
No full textDer Autor des vorliegenden Buches unternimmt eine Vermessung des Gebiets, in welchem die Fiktionen von Kunst und Utopien sowie deren Zusammenhang angesiedelt sind. Es wird in unterschiedliche Stationen aufgeteilt, die sich in philosophischer und kulturwissenschaftlicher Weise diesem Thema widmen. Unter anderem wird danach gefragt, wie wir über derartige Fiktionen sprechen und urteilen, wie sie in der Kantischen Einbildungskraft produziert werden, welchen ontologischen Status sie besitzen und wie man sie durch eine Philosophie des Als-ob im Sinne Hans Vaihingers pragmatisch erklären kann. Die Kategorie der ästhetischen Fiktionen wird sodann mit der Illusionsästhetik Konrad von Langes analysiert, bevor die Gebietsvermessung über die Zwischenschritte des Spieles (Schiller, Huizinga) und der anthropologischen Bestimmung fiktiven Denkens (Nietzsche) mit der Erläuterung der Kategorie utopischer Fiktionen und deren Ästhetik (Hesse, Bloch) ihren Abschluss findet
The Ontological Nature of Part-Whole-Oscillations: An Interdisciplinary Determination
No full textThe nature of structures comprising part-whole relations belongs to the oldest, most fundamental and still discussed questions of philosophical ontology. Unlike many former approaches, which either give priority to the parts or to the whole of such structures, the present project is an ontological investigation that suggests an alternative to a hierarchical conception of parts and whole with a one-sided dependence relation. In considering the dynamic 'in-between' or interplay of parts and whole, I develop and determine an ontological category called 'part-whole-oscillations' (pwo). This development combines two crucial methodical approaches: a top-down, a priori method of formal ontology and a bottom-up recognition of empirical phenomena. By elaborating on E. Husserl's IIIrd Logical Investigation, I show that the first method is only of restricted usefulness for the determination of pwo's ontological nature, because it leads to formal inconsistencies. It is only in applying the second method that we can get a clearer picture of what the ontological category of pwo amounts to. This 'empirical' part of this project is carried out by interpreting Cognitive Linguistic's notions of 'conceptual metaphor' and 'conceptual metonymy'. It is also carried out by critically analyzing the notion of 'Gestalt' as it is developed in classical and contemporary research of Gestalt theory. Through determining this category in these ways and through arguing in favor of empirical perception for the sake of ontological insights, I demonstrate that both an exclusively analytical approach towards a structure's parts and an exclusively synthetic approach towards a structure's whole is insufficient. This the case in particular regarding perceptually meaningful part-whole structures, and should therefore be updated with a bidirectional and more experience-based conception of interdependent parts and wholes.La natura delle strutture che comprendono relazioni parte-intero appartiene alle più antiche, fondamentali e ancora discusse questioni dell’ontologia filosofica. A differenza di molti approcci precedenti, che danno la priorità o alle parti o all’intero di tali strutture, il presente progetto è un'indagine ontologica che propone un'alternativa alla concezione gerarchica delle parti e dell'intero con una relazione di dipendenza unilaterale. Considerando la dinamica intermedia o la interazione delle parti e dell'intero, sviluppo e determino una categoria ontologica chiamata 'oscillazioni-parte-intero' (di seguito opi). Questo sviluppo combina due cruciali approcci metodologici: un metodo top-down, a priori, di logica formale e una ricognizione bottom-up dei fenomeni empirici. Approfondendo la Terza Ricerca logica di E. Husserl mostro che il primo metodo è di limitata utilità per la determinazione ontologica delle opi, perché conduce a incoerenze formali. È soltanto applicando il secondo metodo che possiamo ottenere un'immagine più chiara di ciò a cui equivale la categoria ontologica di opi. Questa parte 'empirica' del progetto è condotta interpretando le nozioni di 'metafora concettuale' e 'metonimia concettuale' della linguistica cognitiva. Essa compie anche un'analisi critica della nozione di 'Gestalt' così com'è sviluppata nella ricerca classica e contemporanea della teoria della Gestalt. Determinando questa categoria in tali modi e esprimendosi a favore della percezione empirica per il bene della comprensione ontologica, dimostro che sia un approccio esclusivamente analitico verso le parti di una struttura che un approccio esclusivamente sintetico verso l’intero di una struttura sono insufficienti. Questo è il caso in particolare per quanto attiene alle strutture parte-intero significative da un punto di vista percettivo, e deve quindi essere aggiornato con una concezione dell'interdipendenza di parti e interi bidirezionale e più basata sull'esperienza
'Auch Steine können Blumen sein'. Stein, Pflanze, Tier und das Menschliche als konkreative Weltursprünge bei Heinrich Rombach'
No full textIn „Die Welt des Steins“, einem seiner spätesten Texte, kontrastiert Rombach die westliche Kategorisierung des Steins als eines genuin leb- und weltlosen Naturobjekts mit der Gegenwelt des Östlichen, in welcher die sich verschließende Plumpheit und Schwere des Steines einer offenen Einstellung weicht, die sowohl vom Stein selbst als auch vom Menschen in seinem Verhalten zum Stein ausgeht. Diese Gegenüberstellung geht mit einer Kritik der europäischen Beherrschbarkeits- und Nutzbarmachungsattitüde einher, die jede Hochachtung vor der Natur als einer heiligen und nicht zuletzt uns selbst umfassender Räumlichkeit in einen (anthropozentrisch orientierten) „Naturschutz“ verkehrt
Evidence that anti-muscarinic antibodies in Sjögren's syndrome recognise both M3R and M1R
No full textInhibitory anti-muscarinic receptor type 3 (M3R) antibodies may contribute to the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and putative anti-M3R blocking antibodies in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) have been suggested as a rationale for treatment with IVIg. We investigated the presence of subtype-specific anti-MR autoantibodies in healthy donor and SS sera using MR-transfected whole-cell binding assays as well as M1R and M3R peptide ELISAs. Control antibodies against the second extracellular loop of the M3R, a suggested target epitope, were induced in rabbits and found to be cross-reactive on the peptides M3R and M1R. The rabbit antibodies had neither an agonistic nor an antagonistic effect on M3R-dependent ERK1/2 signalling. Only one primary SS (out of 5 primary SS, 2 secondary SS and 5 control sera) reacted strongly with M3R transfected cells. The same SS serum also reacted strongly with M1R and M2R transfectants, as well as M1R and two different M3R peptides. Strong binding to M1R and low-level activities against M3R peptides were observed both in SS and control sera. IVIg showed a strong reactivity against all three peptides, especially M1R. Our results indicate that certain SS individuals may have antibodies against M1R, M2R and M3R. Our results also suggest that neither the linear M3R peptide nor M3R transfectants represent suitable tools for discrimination of pathogenic from natural autoantibodies in SS.Abbreviations: SS, Sjögren's syndrome; MR, muscarinic receptor; ANA, antinuclear antibodies; CHO, Chinese hamster ovary; MAPK, MAP kinase; IVIg, intravenous immunoglobulin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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