1,720,964 research outputs found
Interference between nonspatial stimulus features in the Simon effect.
No full textWe investigated whether learning effects influencing the Simon effect, such as those found when learning involves the spatial stimulus dimension, might be also found when learning tasks involve other nonspatial stimulus features, such as color, shape, and orientation. Experiment 1 focused on mutual influences between Simon tasks based on color and shape. The Simon task on color is affected by a previously performed Simon task on shape more than the latter is affected by a previously performed Simon task on color. We hypothesized that this difference depends on the difficulty of the tasks. Because orientation discrimination seems more difficult than both color and shape discrimination (Experiment 2), we predicted that a Simon task on orientation would be influenced by a Simon task on color or shape more than tasks on color or shape would be influenced by a task on orientation. Experiments 3 and 4 confirmed our hypothesi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Hemispheric Asymmetry of Exogenous Orienting of Attention: Inferences from Reaction Time, P1 and N1 Amplitude
No full textThe effect of exogenous orienting of attention on reaction time (RT) critically depends on the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between cue and target: RT is shorter for cued target locations (facilitation) when the SOA is short, whereas this RT effect reverses when the SOA is long (inhibition). In the present study we were primarily interested in the lateralization of exogenous visuospatial attention mechanisms, as these are known to depend in right-handers predominantly on the right hemisphere. Specifically, we recorded event related brain potentials (ERPs) to investigate how hemispheric lateralization of attention modulates facilitation and inhibition effects. Thirty right-handed participants performed a Posner-like cueing task (p(valid) 5 .50) using SOAs of 200 and 800 ms, in which go-nogo responses were demanded to the visual target stimulus. RTs showed an asymmetric facilitation effect that was larger for right visual field targets. Visual ERP components over lateral occipito-temporal sites (P1,N1) indicated that facilitation and inhibition influenced already early stages of visual processing. Crucially, for the short SOA, it was only for targets displayed in the left visual field that the contralateral P1 was enhanced for valid trials. Moreover, no hemispheric asymmetries, neither in RT nor in P1 andN1 amplitudes, were observed with the long SOA. In conclusion, present findings support the assumption that the right hemisphere plays a dominant role in exogenous orienting of visuospatial attention
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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