1,720,962 research outputs found
laminin-511, actor of inflammation and of tumoral progression in the intestine?
No full textLa laminine-511 (α5β1y1, élément de la matrice extracellulaire, fait partie des molécules médiatrices des interactions épithélio-mésenchymateuses qui contrôlent le développement intestinal puis le renouvellement cellulaire dans l’organe mature. Une rupture de l’homéostasie de l’ensemble de ces mécanismes est centrale dans les maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’intestin (MICI) qui, dans une certaine proportion, peuvent dégénérer en cancer colorectal. Ce travail de thèse a permis de démontrer que la chaîne α5 de laminine, caractéristique de la laminine-511, pouvait d’une part réguler l’expression de gènes cibles importants dans les fonctions biologiques majeures des cellules intestinales et d’autre part était capable de réprimer ou d’activer deux voies de signalisation, Wnt et PI3K/Akt, suivant le contexte physiologique. Dans le contexte pathologique particulier des MICI, j’ai pu définir la composition en laminines de la lame basale dans des segments pathologiques issus d’exérèses chirurgicales de côlons de patients atteints de maladie de Crohn ou de rectocolite
hémorragique. De façon très intéressante, des glandes atypiques y ont été trouvées, délimitées
par une lame basale enrichie en chaînes α1 et α5 de laminines et caractérisées par une
accumulation nucléaire de la protéine p53, suppresseur de tumeur. J’ai pu définir, par des
expériences in vitro, une chronologie d’activation montrant que la protéine p53 était capable
de stimuler l’expression endogène de la chaîne α1 de laminine. J’ai également pu modéliser
les résultats obtenus chez l’humain par des inductions chimiques d’inflammation et de
tumorigenèse associée grâce à des modèles de souris transgéniques sur-exprimant soit la
chaîne α1 soit la chaîne α5 dans l’épithélium intestinal, modèles établis par l’équipe. Les
dérégulations des laminines qui ont été observées peuvent jouer un rôle important dans la
rupture de l’épithélium, l’inflammation et les mécanismes de réparation qui leur sont inhérents ou dans la progression des MICI en cancer.The laminin-511 (α5β1y1, key element of the extracellular matrix, mediates the epithelialmesenchymal interactions controlling the intestinal development and the cell renewal in the mature organ. A deregulation of the mechanisms implied in the homeostasis is obvious in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). IBD can in some cases degenerate into colorectal cancer.
My present work demonstrates that the α5 chain, characteristic of the laminin-511 molecule, regulates the expression of target genes important for major biological functions of the intestinal cells as well as is able to repress or activate two signaling pathways, Wnt and
PI3K/Akt, according to the physiological context. In the particular context of IBD, I could define the laminin composition of the basement membrane in pathological samples from surgical resection of colon from patients with Crohn’s disease or Ulcerative colitis.
Interestingly, atypical glands are also found in these samples. These glands are encircled with a basement membrane enriched in lamininα1 and α5 chains and are characterized by a nuclear accumulation of p53, a tumor suppressor. By in vitro experiments, I have defined a
chronology of activation showing that the p53 protein is able to stimulate the endogenous expression of the laminin α1 chain. I could mimic the results obtained in humans by triggering inflammation and inflammation-associated tumorigenesis chemically to transgenic murine models overexpressing either the laminin α1 or α5 chain, models that were previously established in the team. The laminin-observed deregulations could play an important role in the epithelium rupture, the inflammation and the inherent repair mechanisms, as well as in the progression of IBD into cancer
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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