1,720,972 research outputs found
E' possibile misurare l'efficacia della promozione della salute con la mortalità evitabile?
No full textIntroduzione:
Grandi e piccole conquiste, sia mediche che sociali, ci hanno portato ad evitare molte morti per determinate cause, quantomeno in alcune fasce d’età. Nel 1976 Rutstein incluse la “MORTALITÀ EVITABILE” (ME) negli “eventi sentinella”, indicatori di una cattiva qualità dell’assistenza sanitaria. Oggigiorno è noto che molte morti possono essere evitate con interventi non sanitari, che riguardano la più ampia sfera della PROMOZIONE DELLA SALUTE. Obiettivo particolare di questa presentazione è la misura comparata delle morti evitabili con “interventi di promozione della salute non sanitari (MPNS)” e di quelle evitabili con “interventi sanitari (ES)” nelle diverse Regioni italiane. L’obiettivo più generale dello studio nell’ambito del quale essa si inquadra è quello di costruire un sistema di valutazione, pratico e specifico, della capacità di perseguire una delle principali ragioni di esistere da parte del pubblico sistema di tutela della salute nelle sue diverse componenti.
Materiali e Metodi:
Sono state selezionate 579 cause di morti evitabili, imputabili alla competenza di diverse aree di attività: “Promozione della Salute”, "Prevenzione Primaria", "Diagnosi e Terapia Precoce", "Assistenza Ospedaliera", "Assistenza Distrettuale". La PROMOZIONE DELLA SALUTE è stata scissa in due ambiti: "Misure pubbliche non legate all’ambito sanitario (MPNS)" ed "Educazione alla salute (ES)" (attività questa di più diretta competenza delle ASL). I dati relativi alle morti ed ai denominatori tra il 2006 ed il 2010 sono stati ottenuti dall’ Istituto Nazionale Italiano di Statistica; essi sono stati quindi stratificati per età, sesso e Regione, operando una standardizzazione diretta (popolazione standard: ISTAT-ITALIA 2011) ottenendo così tassi standardizzati per ciascuna Regione per ogni ambito di attività considerato.
Risultati:
La ME con attività di Promozione della Salute mostra performances eterogenee da parte delle diverse Regioni Italiane. Le migliori (più bassi tassi standardizzati di ME), relativamente a MPNS, sembrano appannaggio di Marche, Umbria e Toscana. Le peggiori appaiono a carico di Campania, Sardegna e Piemonte. Le migliori performances relativamente alla ME con ES sembrano appannaggio di Calabria, Basilicata e Abruzzo; le peggiori Liguria, Lazio e Campania. Non abbiamo, al momento, preso in considerazione Molise, Valle d’Aosta, P.A. Bolzano e P.A.Trento, stanti i loro piccoli numeratori e denominatori.
Considerazioni:
Lo stile di vita sembra evitare più Morti Evitabili (da Bacco, Tabacco e Venere) al Sud rispetto al Nord ( con eccezione per Lazio e Campania). Una tendenza inversa ma meno accentuata sembra osservarsi relativamente alla ME con interventi di Promozione della Salute Non Sanitari (infortunistica stradale, omicidi, ecc.). Da tener in considerazione che sono ancora in corso test di significatività per avvalorare i risultati
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
New digital instruments for the community building in housing cooperatives
Full text linkThe research starts from a study carried out for Confcooperative Habitat, which focused on the systematic analysis of the materials produced for the launch of a new season of the cooperative movement. The goal is to improve the active action on communities for a tangible social impact able to propose a model that knows how to enhance the common urban spaces within the interventions. Finding the new needs and the new processes that characterize living, outlined also in their condominium and urban dimension of ‘common good’, therefore of ‘common housing’. The procedural model proposed and modulated in an evolved platform, seeks to multiply the common practices of living in the city and live in harmony with the built environment, building networks of services with the community
What do teenagers know about sexually transmitted diseases?
No full textBackground
Sexually Transmitted Diseases(STDs)are one of the most
significant issue of public health worldwide. The high
incidence of these diseases can be attributed to risk behaviors
especially in young people.
Our aim was determine the knowledge and the risk perception
of STDs in the teenagers.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2014;
3 high schools in Arezzo(Tuscany)were involved. An anonymous
questionnaire already used for this purpose was
administered. 390 questionnaires were exitmated for the
sample size(EpiInfo ci 95%).
Descriptive and analytic analysis were conducted. Odds-Ratio,
T-test and Anova were used for the analysis.
Results
602 questionnaires were used for the analysis. The mean age
was 17.8 years(SD 1,01). Females were the 62.2% of the
sample. Students at higher class showed a better knowledge on
STDs than lower ones(p < 0.001); males responded better than
females(OR 1.48, p < 0.05).The 64.3% has given the correct
definition of STD.
98.5% HIV,79.6% Syphilis, and 72.3% candidiasis were know
as responsible of STDs; less knowledge was on HPV (41.5%)
and Hepatitis (32.1%).
Regarding HPV lower class were well informed comparing
with the higher(OR 0.55, p < 0.001).
Sharing of needles among drug users(92.5%), and relationships
without using condoms(78.2%) were recognized as highrisk
behaviors for contracting STDs. 66.4% of respondents
identified the lack of knowledge as a risk for STDs. The 85.4%
used condoms with casual partners, the percentage drops to
42.9% if the partner was habitual. Only 55.9% knew that the
contraceptive pill does not protect against STDs.
Conclusions
The interviewed have a good general knowledge about STDs,
however, there are a lot of lacking about certain types of STDs
and risk behaviors potentially dangerous. For the guys
knowledge of the problem is essential to avoid risky behavior,
so It becomes important working on projects of information to
promote a culture of prevention, especially among young
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