1,357,050 research outputs found
What do Cubans think about happiness?
No full textThe present chapter summarizes the results from two recent studies (Galati, Manzano, & Sotgiu, 2006; Sotgiu, Galati, Manzano, & Rognoni, 2011) which empirically investigated how Cuban citizens represent the concept of happiness and its semantic space. Overall, findings indicate that the naive conceptions of happiness put forward by participants were organized around a set of prototypical meaning components, including family, health, and love. Moreover, it was found that both the perceived importance of some of these components and the sociodemographic variables predicting the participants’ levels of overall happiness significantly differed between adult and older citizens. In the last part of the chapter, the author discusses the similarities and differences between the Cuban conceptions of happiness and the ones found in other cultural contexts
Il concetto di felicità nella psicologia ingenua
No full textNelle ricerche empiriche sulla salute, il benessere psicologico e la qualità della vita viene chiesto spesso ai partecipanti di formulare dei giudizi quantitativi sulla percezione soggettiva del proprio livello di felicità, senza però fornire una definizione del termine “felicità” e assumendo implicitamente che tutte le persone attribuiscano a questa parola lo stesso significato (cfr. Averill e More, 1993; Sotgiu et al., 2011). Il presente contributo intende analizzare alcune delle motivazioni per le quali una tale assunzione potrebbe essere ingiustificata. A questo scopo, verranno illustrati i risultati di un recente filone di ricerca che ha indagato come le persone comuni si rappresentano il concetto di felicità e il suo spazio semantico. Considerati nel loro insieme, i lavori condotti in questo ambito evidenziano che le persone si rappresentano la felicità come una categoria concettuale molto ampia all’interno della quale possono trovare posto componenti di significato e temi anche molto diversi fra loro: ad esempio, la salute, il denaro, le relazioni affettive, la realizzazione di sé, il successo, la fede, le emozioni positive e le esperienze edoniche. È stato altresì documentato, però, che l’importanza attribuita a queste componenti cambia in modo significativo in funzione delle caratteristiche del contesto socio-culturale nel quale le persone conducono la propria vita e della loro età. Verranno discussi i punti di forza e i limiti delle indagini presentate, sottolineando le loro implicazioni teoriche ed empiriche e suggerendo nuovi percorsi di ricerca
"A General Algorithm for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Simulation: a Versatile Tool to Collect Information about Imaging Artefacts and New Acquisition Techniques"
No full textA novel lossless image compression algorithm for medical image archiving and tele-transportation
No full textA novel restoration algorithm for reduction of undersampling artefacts from Magnetic Resonance Images
No full textUlric Neisser's contribution to the study of autobiographical memory accuracy
No full textUlric Neisser was the initiator of the contemporary psychology of autobiographical memory, as well as the founder of the ecological approach to human cognition. The present article reviews his empirical and theoretical contributions to an issue which is at the heart of the contemporary debate on autobiographical memory: that is, autobiographical memory accuracy. From the early 1980s to the mid-1990s, Neisser empirically investigated this topic in a variety of memory research fields including legal testimony, flashbulb memory, and childhood memory. Overall, the empirical studies that Neisser conducted in these fields led him to conceptualize autobiographical memory as a reconstructive process serving the specific goals pursued by the rememberer at a particular time and place, and dynamically varying according to the social context in which autobiographical experiences are recalled. In the conclusions, the author discusses the influence of Neisser's empirical and theoretical work on autobiographical memory accuracy on the current memory literature
The construct validity of the Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being: A study on an Italian sample
No full textEudaimonic well-being (EWB) has been defined as the positive psychological functioning deriving from the development of one’s best potentials in accordance with one’s true self. The main aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being (QEWB; Waterman et al., 2010) within the theoretical framework of Rasch models. One thousand two hundred and five Italian adults (age 18-60 years) completed the Italian version of the QEWB, along with the Italian versions of other two well-being scales. Results showed that the QEWB provides a reliable and valid measure of EWB. However, it might be not adequate for measuring the highest levels of EWB. Furthermore, the item measures were invariant across gender but not across age. The theoretical and empirical implications of the results are discussed
What do Cubans think about happiness?
No full textThe present chapter summarizes the results from two recent studies (Galati, Manzano, & Sotgiu, 2006; Sotgiu, Galati, Manzano, & Rognoni, 2011) which empirically investigated how Cuban citizens represent the concept of happiness and its semantic space. Overall, findings indicate that the naive conceptions of happiness put forward by participants were organized around a set of prototypical meaning components, including family, health, and love. Moreover, it was found that both the perceived importance of some of these components and the sociodemographic variables predicting the participants’ levels of overall happiness significantly differed between adult and older citizens. In the last part of the chapter, the author discusses the similarities and differences between the Cuban conceptions of happiness and the ones found in other cultural contexts
A magnetic resonance device designed via global optimization techniques
No full textIn this paper we are concerned with the design of a small low-cost, low-field multipolar magnet for
Magnetic Resonance Imaging with a high field uniformity. By introducing appropriate variables, the considered
design problem is converted into a global optimization one. This latter problem is solved by means of a
new derivative free global optimization method which is a distributed multi-start type algorithm controlled by
means of a simulated annealing criterion. In particular, the proposed method employs, as local search engine,
a derivative free procedure. Under reasonable assumptions, we prove that this local algorithm is attracted
by global minimum points. Additionally, we show that the simulated annealing strategy is able to produce a
suitable starting point in a finite number of steps with probability one
Multi-modal apparatus for EPR-NMR imaging: sensitivity and spatial resolution measurements
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