1,721,145 research outputs found
Habitat, Territorio, Ecologia. La nascita di una cultura del paesaggio in Italia tra difesa e progetto
No full textGli italiani vedono nel paesaggio una delle poche ragioni per sentirsi una nazione, malgrado il paese si sia modernizzato in assenza di un’attenta pianificazione che ne regolasse la crescita. Nei primi anni di formazione della Repubblica non sono mancate però importanti iniziative che considerassero il contesto paesaggistico come orizzonte significativo del progetto, impegnando intellettuali italiani di diversa formazione nello studio e nella difesa dei luoghi. La cultura architettonica moderna si è dedicata ai temi dei centri storici, delle preesistenze ambientali, della città-regione, della grande dimensione, del town design anche per interagire con il territorio, l’habitat e l’ambiente e, nonostante siano rimasti confinati in un ambito più marginale del dibattito, si sono affermate alcune figure di paesaggisti, progettisti e studiosi che hanno guardato con intelligenza e curiosità anche oltre il recinto della propria disciplina e che possono essere considerate pioniere di una scuola italiana del paesaggio.
Primo di due volumi della collana di ET che raccolgono un iniziale ragionamento sulla nascita di una cultura del paesaggio in Italia
Control Oriented Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Unit for Transportation Applications
No full textDevelopment of Modeling Tools for Optimal Design, Control and Diagnosis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell APUs
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Geothermal and Trigeneration Systems as Innovative and Environmentally-Friendly Solutions for Telecommunication Plant Cooling
No full textThe paper deals with a model-based analysis of innovative cooling systems, to be deployed in telecommunication (TLC) plants in consideration of their size, geographical location and typology (e.g. central Offices or data-centers). Environmentally friendly systems, such as geothermal heat pumps and trigeneration plants, were considered. The trade-off between the investment and operating costs was first analyzed, followed by a comparative evaluation of economic savings achievable via each candidate solution with respect to reference benchmarks, here represented by traditional air-water heat pump and conventional interaction with electrical grid. In this way, a preliminary macroscopic assessment of the best solutions was accomplished, according to the different scenarios (i.e. small or big TLC plant) under investigation. A more detailed analysis, concerning the comparison between traditional and geothermal systems, was specifically carried out to evaluate savings as a function of the external temperature and, consequently, of geographical location
An integrated mathematical tool aimed at developing highly performing and cost-effective fuel cell hybrid vehicles
No full textAn integrated mathematical tool is presented to simultaneously design powertrain and control strategies for PEM fuel cell hybrid vehicles. Such an activity is motivated by the positive impact of car electrification on transportation related GHG emissions, and by the potential of hydrogen as an intensive energy carrier to avoid heavy battery packs, as required for pure electric cars. Moreover, the availability of reliable and comprehensive mathematical tools is recognized as a key to develop cost effective and highly performing innovative powertrains.
A database of hybridizing devices' costs and weights is developed and exploited in conjunction with a weight model to size the powertrain as a function of degree of hybridization. In parallel, a versatile heuristic control strategy is proposed to easily adapt control rules to different powertrains. Then, both the weight model and the heuristic control strategy are embedded into an optimization procedure to determine the most convenient PEM fuel cell hybrid vehicle configuration.
The methodology is tested for a fuel cell hybrid shuttle, whose hydrogen feeding is guaranteed by a photovoltaic on-site generation system. Such a case study not only is suitable to assess the proposed optimization procedure, but also serves at indicating the most promising short-term applications of fuel cell hybrid vehicles
A Model-Based Key Performance Index for Monitoring and Diagnosis of Cooling Systems in Telecommunication Rooms and Data-Centers
No full textIn the current paper a model-based key performance indicator (KPI) is proposed to monitor and to suggest useful counter-actions, to be undertaken whenever inefficient management of cooling systems is detected, both at single telecommunication room and entire data-center or central office level. At the single room level, a simulator previously developed by the authors is used to simulate different cooling power trajectories as a function of actual and reference control strategy. The KPI values resulting from the comparison of the two simulations are then post-processed to evaluate significant statistical metrics, which in turn allow synthesizing the punctual information into a more comprehensive one. On the other hand, at the central office level the KPI index was calculated on a larger time-scale (i.e. up to 1 day) with respect to the single room case, by comparing currently measured power to the corresponding values simulated by a regression model specifically developed for such an application. The proposed methodology was tested both at room and central office level over an extended time window. The results obtained in the former case allowed to deeply analyze two alternative cooling management strategies, particularly addressing what is the most efficient one depending on outside temperature level. On the other hand, the KPI computed at the central office level was proven effective to verify if expected cooling efficiencies were met. Finally, the proposed KPI metric was discussed in view of its potential deployment to diagnose abnormal energy consumptions due to faults occurring either in sensors or cooling devices
Recurrent Neural Network based Air-Fuel Ratio Observer for SI Internal Combustion Engines
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