1,720,953 research outputs found
高等教育におけるオンライン形成的学習評価 : 4選択肢課題による新しい採点方法の統合
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly transformed higher education, shifting it from traditional classrooms to online platforms. This change requires reassessment and adaptation of educational methods, particularly student assessment. Online formative assessments have become essential for improving teaching and learning outcomes because they provide immediate feedback, enable interactive support, and encourage selfassessment, thereby playing a key role in the learning process.
The multiple-choice test is widely used to assess students. However, the inherent nature of multiple-choice questions poses the risk of obtaining correct answers, even without a genuine understanding of the content. To mitigate this issue, typical measures involve increasing the number of questions. To address this concern, this study implemented a new constraint aimed at enhancing the inherent characteristics of the multiple-choice format. This research objective focuses on investigating innovative scoring methods for formative assessments in online courses that can improve learning in higher education within the context of Yamaguchi University.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of this learning assessment method by employing multiple-choice questions, presenting a practical and efficient approach for online formative learning assessment designed to assess a large student cohort. The new scoring method in this study extends Ikebururo's concepts that introduce partial scoring systems in MCQ design, driving the creation of a new scoring system centered on the "degree of matching.” This approach involved comparing the alignment between student responses and the instructor's design, resulting in a detailed five-level scoring system for four-choice questions. This scoring method hinges on evaluating how closely students’ answers align with the instructor's intended choices. Each question, with its four choices, is akin to a binary process, represented by a 4-digit binary number. Each digit in this comparison corresponds to a specific choice, allowing for a granular assessment of the match between student selection and the ideal answer. This innovative approach steps away from the conventional pass-fail binary system, offering a spectrum of evaluation outcomes. It provides a better understanding of students’ comprehension by gauging the extent of the alignment between their choices and the instructor's design.
This method can enhance assessment accuracy by capturing the subtleties of student responses beyond mere correctness, earning partial points for partial knowledge or progress via multistep reasoning, promoting critical thinking, recognizing the importance of incremental progress, and capturing the depth of a respondent's knowledge.
Initially, an extensive literature review established a theoretical framework, identifying gaps in the current understanding of online formative assessments. Subsequently, the study examined data collected from graduate students in the 'Advanced Research and Development Strategies' course at Yamaguchi University. The data span two academic years, 2019 and 2020, and provide a comparative view of face-to-face and online Lecturer Formats.
Furthermore, the k-means clustering algorithm was used to analyze student performance using formative assessment scores. This method categorizes student performance into distinct clusters, revealing insights into individual learning behaviors. The k-means method, a popular technique in data mining and pattern recognition, efficiently groups data into 'k' clusters. It is effective for large datasets and versatile across various data types. The technique involves steps such as initialization, assignment, centroid updating, and convergence checking, and is instrumental in identifying performance patterns, enabling the development of more focused educational strategies.
The results demonstrate the potential of the four-choice multiple-choice scoring method to revitalize online formative assessments. The key contributions of this study are as follows:
・Innovative Scoring Method: This study shows how the four-choice method can lead to more dynamic and engaging online assessments. This approach captures student performance more accurately and encourages deeper engagement with the material.
・Enhanced Student Engagement and Understanding: The new four-multiple-choice scoring method significantly affected student engagement and understanding. This fosters an environment in which students are more actively involved in their learning processes, contributing to better comprehension and retention of material.
・Practical Implications for Educators and Institutions: The need to adapt assessment strategies for digital learning, focusing on continuous feedback and personalized learning.
・Educational Technology Contribution: Key insights into adapting assessment strategies for digital learning, emphasizing continuous feedback, and personalized learning.
This dissertation presents a comprehensive examination of new assessment techniques in the context of online learning. This provides a critical roadmap for educators and institutions to adapt to the digital educational environment for more effective and engaging assessment practices in online higher education.博士(学術)山口大学Yamaguchi Universit
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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