1,720,955 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
MICROPLASTICS, ALIEN SPECIES AND AMPHIBIAN MALE-SPECIFIC PREDATION IN RIVER OTTER DIET (LUTRA LUTRA). A STUDY OF TWO POPULATIONS IN THE TICINO VALLEY (NORTH ITALY) AND SILA MASSIF (SOUTH ITALY).
Full text linkAbstract
Distribution and diet of Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) was studied in two different Italian areas: in the North (Ticino River) and in the South (streams from Sila Massif). The Ticino population derives from a reintroduction project performed by the two Park Autorities in the 90’, while the Sila Massif population are probably the descendent of relictus populations. The Ticino population is characterised by few founders coming from European reproduction centers. The release, in 1997, of a pair of otters Lutra lutra, from the breeding enclosure centre of Cameri “Bosco Vedro” (Novara) and after the escape during a flood of two adult and a cub in 1993 from the breeding centre “La Fagiana” (Magenta), create a little vital otter nucleous in the valley. The survey performed in 2010 provideed a small range of otter activity (7 km near the breeding centre of Cameri), in 2012 an otter sighting has been recorded and in 2013 an individual has been found dead in Southern stretch of the Ticino River near Pavia, about 30 km downstream the release site. Seven years after the last monitoring, a new survey was performed along all the Ticino River. Status and distribution of the Ticino’s otters showed a surprising evolution of its distribution. 101 feces samples were recorded in 16 stations on the 32 survayed (50%). Positive stations covered near the whole watercourse from Lake Maggiore to Pavia for a length of 100 km of river. In otter diet, the allochtonous european catfish (S. glanis) has been recorded in Italy for the first time. The high incidence of this species in the otter diet reflects its demographic explosion in Ticino River and suggests river otter such potential natural predator to control the exponential diffusion of this alien fish. To quantify the presence of S. glanis in the otter diet, morphometric equations were developed basing on 28 S. glanis speciemens, coming from the same area. Regression equations relate the known fish mass to skeletrical element dimension. Two diagnostic elements were selected starting from those found in otter stools: vertebrae and a basicranial bone. A second unexpected result found in otter feces from Ticino River was that, unfortunality, for the first time, spectroscopy analysis performed on some unknown remains in otter stool showed theirs correlation with microplastics. Probably the mustelid ingested these particles not by directly ingestion but through fish preyed. Among the multiple human pressures on aquatic ecosystems, the accumulation of plastic debris is an increasing environmental problem in marine and freshwater system. The transfer of microplastic pollution across trophic levels has been proven in marine ecosystems such between mussels and crabs. The similarity between ecological niches and feeding strategies for species in marine and freshwater environments would suggest that trophic transfer should also occur in freshwater ecosystems.
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Considering toxicological problems related to additives release and adsorbed pollutants, this result rises a new treat for otter conservation, and certainly requires further studies.
South Italy represent for Italian otter population the main core. Although in 20th century the mustelid suffered an important constriction of its range also here, recent works showed an expansion in this zone as elsewhere. The south Mediterranean area is a delicate ecological environment characterized by extreme seasonal variations in water flow with dry and harsh period in summer and torrential floods usually occuring in autumn and spring. This conditions could make the trophic resources and the river accessibility for otters highly fluctuating. Strategies for facing fluctuations in habitat accessibility and food resources are essential for the lifestyle of otter which is metabolically costly and strictly linked to aquatic habitats. We analysed the southern Italian range on 8 streams flowing from the Sila massif, and we found a stable and positive trend of the otter presence. 357 otter stools were found from 2014 utill 2017 principally in Savuto, Amato, Lese and Neto rivers. Diet analysis confirmed an increase of trophic diversity from northern to southern Europe with a high proportion of amphibian consumption. Usually diet analyses focuses on fish preys, while amphibians are lees detailed with only one or few categories. Little number of studies classified amphibians to the species level. The high presence of amphibians in the present study induced us to perform an accurate species and genus analysis. Osteological identification of amphibian remains allowed to ascertain otter predation on seven out of the 11 species recorded for the study area. Particularly interesting was the discovery of newts in otters’ feces for the presence of the powerful neurotoxin in skin secretion of these urodelans. Furthermore, osteological analysis provided a male-biased predation by otter on Anurans.
Stool analysis provided further interesting insights on the feeding behavior of otter. By the analysis of unknown remains performed with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR-FT-IR) spectroscopy, the 61% of these materials showed peaks typical of protein and high correlations with amphibian eggs.
According to other studies, results of this thesis showed that Italian otter populations are following a positive trend of expansion both in the North than in the South. The diet results highlighted the plastic feeding behavior of otter, through which otters feed on the most accessible prey: alien species in the North and amphibians, even newts, in the South, with a male specific predation. The presence of amphibian eggs in otter stools may derive from the ingestion of females before spawning
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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