130,420 research outputs found
Farmaci off-label : stato dell’arte e aspetti medico-legali
No full textVerranno esaminate le normative riguardo alla prescrizione farmacologia e alle conseguenze codicistiche ed amministrative che possono, viceversa, conseguire ad una inadeguatezza della stessa, soffermandosi, in particolare, sui famaci off-label.
La prescrizione di farmaci off-label rappresenta un’importante opportunità che ha consentito e consente progressi significativi della conoscenza rispetto alle patologie ed alla loro terapia; d’altra parte però espone il paziente a rischi.
L’utilizzo off-label di un farmaco richiede, pertanto, particolare attenzione e cautela, sia da un punto normativo che per quanto riguarda la sicurezza e l’efficacia della terapia.
Il farmaco, d’altra parte, viene autorizzato al commercio sulla base di dati di sicurezza ed efficacia ottenuti per determinati dosaggi, modalità di somministrazione ed indicazioni terapeutiche. Efficacia e sicurezza non sono dunque garantite per la prescrizione al di fuori dell’ambito autorizzato; da qui la necessità di ispirarsi a letteratura medico-scientifica accreditata e di prestare particolare attenzione alle reazioni avvers
CASO CLINICO, PROFILASSI DEL TEV NEL PAZIENTE DEL MEDICO DI MEDICINA GENERALE: ASPETTI MEDICO-LEGALI
No full textViene affrontato un caso clinico relativo alla profilassi del tromboembolismo venoso prescritta da parte del medico di medicina general
Aspetti Medo-Legali e Normativi dell'utilizzo dei farmaci intravitreali. Cenni inerenti la normativa di utilizzo dei farmaci off-lebel
No full textMeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Potential role of intravitreal human placental stem cell implants in inhibiting progression of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: neuroprotective growth factors in the vitreous.
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Potential role of intravitreal human placental stem cell implants in inhibiting progression of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: Neuroprotective growth factors in the vitreous
No full textBackground: Intravitreal injection of human mesenchymal stem cells has been shown to be effective in slowing the progression of diabetic retinopathy in an animal model of chemically induced diabetes mellitus. We studied changes in growth factor levels released from human mesenchymal stem cells in the vitreous cavity as well as changes in growth factor levels in host retinal neurons following intravitreal injection. Methods: Twenty-two Lewis rats were treated with an intravitreal human mesenchymal stem cell microinjection. Determination of neurotrophic factors released by human mesenchymal stem cells in the vitreous was carried out using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Detectable levels of neurotrophic factors were identified postoperatively in the vitreous of all rats. Conclusion: Increased intravitreal and retinal concentrations of neuroprotective growth factors in rats confirm the neuroprotective activity of human mesenchymal stem cells in diabetic retinopathy. © 2011 Scalinci et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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