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A bizarre case of fatal main renal artery partial laceration without primary kidney injury due to a single stab wound in the chest
No full textReno-vascular injuries are a rare type of renal injury, and their second most frequent cause is penetrating wounds. The majority of the reports and of the studies are present in the urological and radiological literature and they focus on the clinical approach to such injuries.
In the case here presented, an 18-year-old male died after being stabbed in the left hemithorax. During body examination, thoracic organs were found to be unremarkable (except for a small peripheral laceration of the left lung), but the diaphragm was transfixed and the upper wall of the left main renal artery was lacerated. The adjacent renal vein, the kidney, the aorta, the vena cava and the surrounding internal structures were not damaged (except for a small laceration of the pancreatic tail). A massive haemothorax and a large retroperitoneal haematoma in the left kidney area were observed. The cause of death was attributed to haemorrhagic shock following a partial laceration of the left main renal artery due to the stab wound to the chest. No other cases of similar fatal renovascular injuries due to stab wounds have been published in the current forensic literature
ABDOMINAL SELF-STABBING AND PLASTIC BAG SUFFOCATION: A PARTICULAR CASE OF COMPLEX SUICIDE
No full textThe term “complex suicide” was used for the first time by Marcinkowski et al. in 1974 and it defines rare forms of suicide in which more than one method is used to induce death, unlikely from “simple suicides” where only one technique is involved. According to the different combinations reported in literature, complex suicides have been classified into “typical” (where two common suicide-methods are associated) and “atypical” (where more than two methods, or infrequent combinations of two suicide methods are involved).
In the following case an elderly man suffering of depression was found in the shack of his house with a knife embedded in abdomen and two plastic bags fastened around his neck with a twine. Three other superficial stab wounds were clustered in the upper-left abdomen, close to the penetrating lesion. Internal examination revealed haemorrhagic infiltration at the omentum and haemoperitoneum, whereas no evident signs of asphyxia were highlighted. The cause of death was ascribed to haemorrhagic shock. Features of the crime scene and of the tools used to commit to suicide have been studied. External and internal lesions have been also examined according to the current literature. The outcome of the analysis revealed that this association of suicide methods is unusual, confirming that complex suicides represent a challenging investigation for the forensic pathologist
Complex suicides: A review of the literature with considerations on a single case of abdominal self stabbing and plastic bag suffocation
No full textComplex suicides are rare and consist in the use of more than one method to induce death, representing a challenging investigation for forensic pathologists. According to the several combinations reported in literature, they have been classified into “typical” (where two common suicide methods are associated) and “atypical” (where more than two methods, or infrequent combinations of suicide methods are involved). In the case discussed here, an elderly man suffering of depression was found dead inside the tool shed of his house with a knife embedded in the abdomen and two plastic bags fastened around the neck using a twine. Three other superficial stab wounds were clustered close to the penetrating lesion. Internal examination revealed haemorrhagic infiltration at the mesentery and haemoperitoneum. No evident signs of asphyxia were highlighted and the cause of death was attributed to haemorrhagic shock. This association of suicide methods has turned out to be unusual. A review of the literature concerning complex suicides, abdominal self-stabbing and plastic bag suffocation has been managed. Crime scene and details of the used tools, medical and psychiatric history of the victim and features of the internal and external lesions have been examined and compared to previous studies. Toxicological analyses were not performed
Moments of Inertia in the Evaluation of Bone Functional Adaptation of the Lower Limbs: A study on historical and modern populations
No full textCross section geometric (CSG) properties of the diaphysis of bones enable quantitative evaluations of bone functional adaptation. Several studies have previously analysed the effects of the division of labour, nutritional aspects, the ruggedness of the terrain, sexual dimorphism and of other factors affecting bone modelling and remodelling. The aim of this study is to evaluate the bone functional adaptation of the lower limbs through the analysis of the moments of inertia along the three axes x, y, z of bone cylindroids, and to compare the outcomes with the average values of the CSG properties (areas and second moments of area)
Medicolegal Implications of Deaths due to Agricultural Accidents
No full textAgriculture encompasses a variety of activities that carry with them a variety of different risks. The unsafe use of vehicles, machinery, and tools as well as animal husbandry, working at heights, and exposure to chemical, biological, and weather events may result in the deaths of agricultural workers. Inexperienced operators and/or their inappropriate conduct may lead to avoidable fatalities. Forensic pathologists operating with the support of agricultural engineers or other professionals must evaluate the death scene, the case background and circumstances, the autopsy findings, and the toxicological data to establish the factors and dynamics responsible for such accidents and deaths.The aim of this review is to focus on the diagnostic approach required, by means of an interdisciplinary approach, to identify the cause of some typical agricultural fatalities, to confirm that death was accidental, and to help exclude the possibility of homicide or suicide
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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