1,720,998 research outputs found
Meccanismi di immunosorveglianza nella carcinogensei dei reni affetti da end-stage renal disease
Full text linkBackground- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and replacement therapies (dialysis or transplantation) increase the risk of native kidneys cancer. Acquired multicystic kidney disease in dialysis patients and immunosuppressive therapy in transplant recipients might be relevant factors for the development of renal cancer.
International guidelines do not clearly recommend specific screening protocols for these categories of patients, although the early diagnosis could lead to an excellent prognosis.
Objectives- To retrospectively analyze the cases of renal neoplasms of the native kidneys in chronic renal failure patients and renal transplant recipients that underwent nephrectomy at the Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Center at Hospital-University of Padua.
The histological type of the tumor, grading, stage at diagnosis and prognosis of these patients were evaluated and compared with the data reported in the literature in uremic patients and in the general population.
In the prospective phase of the study: the histopathological analysis and the flow cytometry of the kidneys have been addressed to study the expression of costimulatory molecules at the level of renal epithelial cells, to determine their function as non-professional APC (Antigen Presenting Cell). The activation status of intraepitelial lymphocyte population have been evaluated.
Methods- From April 2007 to June 2013, 18 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or kidney transplant recipients underwent nephrectomy because of renal tumor at the Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Center at Hospital-University of Padua. Were analyzed: the cause of the CKD, the type of replacement therapy, the timing of kidney transplantation, immunosuppressive therapy, the histological type of the tumor, the Fuhrman grade, and patient outcomes.
Thereafter, between December 2014 and December 2015, 16 patients (5F/11M). were enrolled in the study. Indications for nephrectomy were: polycystic disease (APKD) 13 patients, suspected malignancy of the native kidney 3 patients, 1 patient underwent trasnsplantectomy of his kidney, performed for the detection of an aneurysm of the renal artery. Histological examination showed: neoplasms 2 cell carcinomas (Furhman Furhman 4 and 2 respectively), 1 papillary carcinoma
Results- The average age of the patients at the time of nephrectomy was 53.4 ± 11.2 years. Six patients were receiving dialysis (hemodialysis in 2 and 4 on peritoneal dialysis), while 12 patients had a kidney transplant and 1 had previously pancreas and kidney transplantation. One patient developed 2 bilateral metacronous neoplasia and 1 benign tumor. Histological examination showed 17 cases of malignancy (9 clear cell carcinomas and 8 papillary carcinomas) and 3 benign tumors (2 papillary adenoma and a renal oncocytoma). The stage at diagnosis was: in 16 cases T1, and in 1 case T2. All patients underwent nephrectomy: 12 laparoscopically, 5 with laparotomy and 2 by lombotomic approach. All patients were asymptomatic at diagnosis, which took place during ultrasound performed for other reasons and subsequently confirmed at the CT-scan with contrast and / or MRI. After a mean follow-up of 22 ± 20 months, two patients died of causes unrelated to renal cancer and there were no local or distant recurrence of the tumor, in the absence of adjuvant treatment.
The flow cytometry seems to show a greater expression of CD80, HLAABCm, HLAABCr; HLADRm and HLADRr; where HLAABCm and HLADRm represent the average intensity of fluorescence per cell, while HLAABCr and HLADRr represent the percentage of cells that exceed the gate and are therefore classified as positive. The expression of MCHC seems to increase in transplant recipient than in non-transplant patients; probably because immunosuppressive therapy, preventing rejection, leads an inhibition of T cell.
Conclusions- The diagnosis of kidney cancer which is carried out within the program of follow-up in kidney transplant patients and screening in uremic patients allows to detect cancer in its early stages, improving outcomes and reducing the need for adjuvant therapy.
The expression of costimulatory molecule CD80 in patients with renal carcinoma might suggest an activation of immunosurveillance in the carcinogenesis of the kidney. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of immunosuppressive therapy in the immunosurveillance
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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