1,721,018 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Maturation and competition in cellular monolayers
No full textLes mouvements cellulaires collectifs jouent un rôle fondamental dans de nombreux phénomènes biologiques (développement, régénération, cancer, etc.). Pour autant, les mécanismes régissant ces mouvements sont toujours mal connus. Nous nous proposons dans cette thèse d'étudier deux situations expérimentales mettant en jeu ces mouvements dans des monocouches cellulaires.Nous nous intéressons en premier lieu à des cellules HBEC, épithéliales mais peu cohésives. On calcule par PIV (vélocimétrie par images de particules) le champ de vitesse dans des populations de cellules déposées de manière homogène sur le substrat. On observe un ralentissement des mouvements et une progression non monotone de leur corrélation spatiale en fonction du temps. La combinaison de nos expériences, d'un modèle analytique et de simulations nous permet de conclure que cette évolution est la signature d'une transition de jamming contrôlée par la vitesse et que le ralentissement est dû à une maturation des jonctions cellule-cellule et des adhésions cellules-substrat.Nous étudions ensuite la compétition pour l'espace entre deux lignées HEK-HT, l'une normale et l'autre transformée par une mutation oncogénique RasV12. On dépose face à face les deux populations, porteuses d'un fluorophore différent, séparées par une bande de substrat libre pour les faire migrer l'une vers l'autre. On combine l’analyse des images de fluorescence aux techniques de PIV pour étudier la dynamique des deux fronts de population. Après contact et malgré un certain mélange des deux types, les monocouches forment une interface relativement bien définie qui se déplace dans le sens d'avancée du type transformé.Collective cellular motion plays a fundamental role in several biological phenomena: development, regeneration, cancer, etc. However, the mechanisms behind this motion are still poorly understood. In this thesis, we study two experimental situations involving collective motion in cellular monolayers.We first look at HBEC cells, which are epithelial but weakly cohesive. Using particle image velocimetry (PIV), we monitor the velocity field in populations of cells homogeneously seeded on the susbtrate. We observe a slowdown in the cellular motion as its spatial correlation non-monotonically changes with time. Combining our experiments with an analytical model and simulations allows us to conclude that the system undergoes a jamming transition with speed as the main control parameter. We also show that the observed slowdown is a consequence of the maturation of cell-cell junctions and cell-substrate adhesions.We then study the competition for space between two HEK-HT cell lines, one being normal and the other being transformed by an oncogenic RasV12 mutation. The two fluorescently-labeled populations are set to migrate antagonistically towards an in-between stripe of free substrate. Through analysis of the fluorescence images and PIV methods, we study the dynamics of both population fronts. After contact, even though the two types mix to a certain extent, we observe a relatively well-defined interface, which moves towards the normal population
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The effects of out-of-plane curvature on the growth of epithelia
No full textDans de nombreux tissus épithéliaux, les cellules ne migrent pas sur des substrats plats mais font au contraire partie d’une monocouche bidimensionnelle courbée. C'est le cas par exemple pour les tubules rénaux, les acini du sein, les alvéoles pulmonaires ou bien les cryptes du côlon et de l’intestin. Cependant, malgré l’omniprésence de cette courbure hors plan in vivo, peu d’études expérimentales s’interrogent sur son influence sur le développement et la migration cellulaire. En effet, le comportement collectif des cellules au sein d’un épithélium à deux dimensions a été principalement étudié sur des substrats plans, négligeant ainsi l'influence de la topologie de l’environnement de culture sur le développement cellulaire. Dans ce manuscrit de thèse, nous exposons les différentes expériences menées afin de caractériser et de quantifier l’influence de cette courbure hors du plan sur le développement, la migration ainsi que les propriétés mécaniques des tissus épithéliaux. Un dispositif expérimental a été mis au point afin d’obtenir des courbures et des conditions initiales reproductibles. Afin de découpler l’effet du à la courbure de ceux dus au confinement latéral, nous avons reproduit les mêmes expériences sur des substrats plats où les cellules sont confinées dans des bandes adhésives de largueurs comparables au périmètre des tubes.En mettant en parallèle nos résultats sur ces deux types de substrats, nous suggérons que forcer les cellules à croître sur des cylindres de diamètre pertinent biologiquement induit de nouvelles propriétés biologiques qui sont à dissocier de l'effet du au confinement latéral du tissu.That the mechanics of a cell’s microenvironment greatly influences cellular behaviors and phenotypes is well established. For example, the morphology, performance and even fate of a cell adhering to a substrate is highly influenced by the substrate rigidity. Similarly, cytoskeleton organization and cell polarity can be controlled by confining the cell to 2d micro patterns while micro or nano substrate topography influences cell adhesion and orientation. On the other hand, significantly less research exists regarding the effect of out of plane curvature on individual cells and cell assemblies, despite the intrinsic curvature of epithelial sheets which frequently form tubes, cysts, crypts, or villi with radii of curvature on the order of a few cell diameters. This thesis accordingly examines the relationship between the collective properties of epithelial tissue and out of plane curvature by employing micro fabricated environments to deconstruct the response of a cell monolayer to the geometry of its neighborhood. Curved substrates provide a controlled way to study the role of a fixed out of plane curvature on a system otherwise identical to the classic 2D assay. In particular, fibers with curvature radii between 0.5um-100um were populated with MDCK cells from a model epithelial, kidney-derived, cell line and the resulting migration dynamics and cell architecture quantified. The specific cellular behaviors induced by large curvatures provide plausible explanations of certain aspects of tubulogenesis
Collective migration of epithelial cells
No full textNon UBCUnreviewedAuthor affiliation: Institut CurieFacult
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Etalement de polymeres liquides: une etude experimentale sur surfaces solides de haute energie et sur surfaces chimiquement modifiees
No full textSIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : T 78328 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc
- …
