1,721,019 research outputs found
Mediterranean Storms (Proc. of the EGS Plinius Conference held at Maratea, Italy, October 1999)
No full textApplication of geographical information systems in the analysis of hydrological inputs to a shallow Mediterranean coastal aquifer
No full textContributions to the groundwater flow within the catchment domain are due to natural subsystems such as direct infiltration, recharge from surface networks and subsurface water flowing through the slopes. Groundwater quality is affected by such contributions in the case of surface water contamination; the space and time scales of the subsystems connections are investigated in the paper. As a distributed recharge evaluation is needed along the aquifer boundaries for providing inputs to traditional models, a distributed approach to the simulation of subsystems is proposed: GIS capabilities support the management of the large amount of information describing the catchment hydrology. Application of a hydrologically oriented GIS to the problem of recharge evaluation in the case of the Bisagno aquifer (Italy) is presented: procedures have been developed in order to link together different hydrological processes resulting into a subsurface flow model able to simulate the catchment contribution to the groundwater flow in the aquifer. -Author
Osservazione sperimentale di una struttura superficiale di drenaggio a scala di versante
No full textSi descrive una campagna di misure sperimentali condotte, tramite un'apparecchiatura
laser, su di un versante dell'Appennino Apulo Lucano emirate all'applicazione
di alcuni modelli interpretativi delle strutture di drenaggio superficiali osservate. Le
misurazioni e le successive analisi hanno consentito la derivazione della struttura morfologica
della superficie in termini di DTM, il riconoscimento automatizzato dei reticoli
superficiali, la stima dei volumi solidi cbe, in occasione delle precipitazioni meteoriche
verificatesi, sono stati mobilitati dalla pendice e una prima verifica della validita. di
alcuni modelli teorici
Multifractal modeling of anomalous scaling laws in rainfall
No full textThe coupling of hydrological distributed models to numerical weather prediction outputs is an important issue for hydrological applications such as forecasting of flood events. Downscaling meteorological predictions to the hydrological scales requires the resolution of two fundamental issues regarding precipitation, namely, (1) understanding the statistical properties and scaling laws of rainfall fields and (2) validation of downscaling models that are able to preserve statistical characteristics observed in real precipitation. In this paper we discuss the first issue by introducing a new multifractal model that appears particularly suitable for random generation of synthetic rainfall. We argue that the results presented in this paper may be also useful for the solution of the second question. Statistical behavior of rainfall in time is investigated through a high-resolution time series recorded in Genova (Italy). The multifractal analysis shows the presence of a temporal threshold, localized around 15-20 hours, which separates two ranges of anomalous scaling laws. Synthetic time series, characterized by very similar scaling laws to the observed one, are generated with the multifractal model. The potential of the model for extreme rainfall event distributions is also discussed. The multifractal analysis of Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE) radar fields have shown that statistical properties of rainfall in space depend on time durations over which precipitation is accumulated. Further analysis of some rainfall fields produced with a meteorological limited area model exhibited the same anomalous scaling as the GATE fields
3. -Floods predictability in the Mediterranean area : the STORM’93 European experience
No full textThe paper describes a current research project being undertaken within the European Union’s 1991-94 Programme on the Environment. The aim of the project code-named STORM (Storm Tracking and Observation for Rainfall Monitoring) was designed to improve the identification, monitoring and local forecasting of high intensity rainfall events that may cause flash flooding in flood prone areas of northern coastal zones of the Mediterranean Sea. Seven laboratories in Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom are involved in this project which is now nearly mid-way through its second year. The present paper addresses in some details the major issue of the project which has been identified as the problem of dealing with a series of monitoring tools and simulation techniques developed for (and providing information at) different spatial and temporal scales. In particular a lack of knowledge still holds when the monitoring, modelling and prediction of the distribution of rainfall at various resolution scales is concerned.Lanza L., Siccardi F. 3. -Floods predictability in the Mediterranean area : the STORM’93 European experience. In: Crues et inondations. 23emes journées de l'hydraulique. Congrès de la Société Hydrotechnique de France. Nîmes, 14-15-16 septembre 1994. Tome 1, 1994
Idea for a Global Model of Communication and IDNDR Potential
No full textThis collection of articles provides a unique overview of the state of the science in the prediction of and response to natural disaster events. The uniqueness of this volume is that it comprises more than just the physical science perspective. For each natural hazard included in this text, social scientists have provided research summaries of how public perceptions are related to the actions that are likely to be undertaken when people are confronted with information about the existence of a natural hazard threat. In this book the reader can find a truly international characterization of both hazard perception and prediction. The American and European contributors provide state-of-the-science overviews of empirically-based research knowledge that expands beyond any national boundaries. This approach has resulted in broader understanding of what is currently known about predicting natural hazard events and predicting how those events, or warnings of them, will be responded to by different types of societies
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