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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
위장관을 통한 메밀 감작이 복강과 비점막을 통한 집먼지진드기 특이 IgE 생성에 미치는 영향
No full textDept. of Medicine/석사[한글]
목적: 메밀은 한국, 일본 및 유럽에서 중요한 식품알레르기의 원인 항원 중의 하나이고, 집먼지진드기는 호흡기계 알레르기 질환에서 가장 중요한 원인 항원이다. 최근의 임상 연구들은 영아기에 식품알레르기가 있었던 소아가 그렇지 않은 소아에 비하여 후에 호흡기 알레르기가 발생할 확률이 더 높다고 보고되고 있으나, 논란의 여지가 아직 많다. 이에 본 연구에서는 메밀을 경구 감작 시킨 생쥐에게 동시에 집먼지진드기를 복강/비점막을 통해 감작하는 경우 메밀의 동시 감작이 집먼지진드기 특이 IgE 생성에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보았다.대상 및 방법: 실험동물은 4주령의 female C3H/HeJ를 사용하였고 group 1은 메밀과 콜레라톡신을 실험 0, 1, 2, 7, 18일에 경구 감작을 시키면서 집먼지진드기와 alum을 실험 0일에 복강 내 투여하고 추후 집먼지진드기를 14, 15, 16, 21일에 비점막을 통해 감작시켰고, group 2는 메밀 감작은 시행하지 않으면서, 콜레라톡신 sham 감작과 동시에 집먼지진드기 감작을 시행하였으며, group 3는 음성 대조군으로 이용하였다. 매 주 생쥐의 꼬리 정맥에서 혈액을 채취하여 보관하였다가 감작 항원 특이 IgE 농도를 측정하였다. 실험 35일째 생쥐를 희생시켜 비장세포 배양을 시행하여 사이토카인 생성능을 비교하였다.결과: Group 1의 생쥐는 실험 제 4주에 가장 높은 메밀 특이 IgE 수치를 보였고 3주째 가장 높은 집먼지진드기 특이 IgE 수치를 나타냈다(98.45 ± 64.37 ng/mL, 169.86 ± 55.54 ng/mL). Group 2의 경우는 메밀 특이 IgE 항체가 음성이었고, 실험 3주에 높은 집먼지진드기 특이 IgE 항체를 나타냈다(810.52 ± 233.29 ng/mL). 집먼지진드기 특이 IgE 생성은 group 1에 비하여 group 2에서 의미 있게 높았으나, IL-4와 IFN-γ 생성능은 유사한 정도를 나타내었다.결론: 본 연구를 통하여 생쥐모델에서 위장관을 통한 메밀 감작이 동시에 시행된 경우 복강/비점막을 통한 집먼지진드기 감작에 의한 특이 IgE 생성을 감소시키는 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.
[영문]Rationale: There are several studies reporting that food sensitization in early infancy increases the risk of sensitization to inhalant allergens later in life. To evaluate whether cosensitization with buckwheat (BW) flour has any effect on the production of house dust mite (HDM)-specific IgE, we performed a study using our murine model of BW allergy.Methods: C3H/HeJ mice (4 weeks, female) were sensitized intraperitoneally with HDM mixed with Al(OH)3 on day 1, followed by 4 times of intranasal sensitizations (on days 14, 15, 16, and 21). Group 1 mice were cosensitized intragastrically with BW/cholera toxin (CT) (on days 0, 1, 2, 7, and 18) during sensitization with HDM, group 2 mice were cosensitized intragastrically with CT only (on days 0, 1, 2, 7, and 18) and group 3 mice were used as naïve controls. HDM- and BW-specific IgE levels and antigen specific T-cell proliferation and cytokine productions were evaluated.Results: In group 1, BW-specific IgE levels were highest at week 4, and the HDM-specific IgE levels were highest at week 3, respectively (98.45 ± 64.37 ng/mL, 169.86 ± 55.54 ng/mL). In group 2, HDM-specific IgE levels reached a peak at week 3 and was remarkably higher (810.52 ± 233.29 ng/mL) compared to that of group 1 mice (169.86 ± 55.54 ng/mL). The IL-4 and IFN-γ levels in the HDM-stimulated culture supernatants of splenocytes were not significantly different among groups 1, 2, and 3.Conclusion: In the current study using a murine model of BW allergy, we postulate that the cosensitization with BW may down-regulate the specific IgE response to HDM sensitization.ope
항 CD30 단일클론항체에 의한 인체 유래 호산구세포 자멸사에서 Bcl-2와 caspases의 역할
No full textDept. of Medicine/박사Background: In vitro studies have suggested that activation of cell surface CD30 by immobilized anti-CD30 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) induces strong apoptosis in human eosinophils. This anti-CD30 mAb-induced eosinophil apoptosis was inhibited by the addition of inhibitors of p38, ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). However, there is little data investigating the role of Bcl-2 and caspases in eosinophil apoptosis induced by anti-CD30 mAb.Objectives: We sought to determine whether anti-CD30 mAb induces human eosinophil apoptosis via Bcl-2 and caspases pathways.Methods: Peripheral blood was drawn from 19 healthy volunteers. Purified human eosinophils were suspended in RPMI 1640 media supplemented with 10% FBS. The CD30 expression on eosinophils was measured at various time points. Eosinophils were then cultured in plates precoated with anti-CD30 mAb (clone Ber-H8), isotype control immunoglobulin G1, interleukin (IL)-5, or dexamethasone. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of Bcl-2, procaspase-8, -9, and -3, and caspase-8, -9, and -3 after cross-linking of CD30. Human eosinophils were also cultured in plates precoated with anti-CD30 mAb (clone Ber-H8) in the presence or absence of caspase-9 or -3 inhibitors. Eosinophil apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry.Results: The addition of anti-CD30 mAb significantly increased eosinophil apoptosis in vitro compared with controls. In western blot analysis, the addition of anti-CD30 mAb significantly decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and procaspase-9 and -3 and increased the expression of caspase-9 and -3. The addition of caspase-9 or -3 inhibitors at reasonable concentrations decreased anti-CD30 mAb-induced human eosinophil apoptosis in vitro. Procaspase-8 or caspases-8 expression was not changed in response to various stimuli.Conclusions:
Anti-CD30 mAb-induced human eosinophil apoptosis is likely to be mediated through Bcl-2 and caspase-9 and -3. Future studies are warranted to delineate downstream signaling molecules in the Bcl-2 family and caspases in human eosinophil apoptosis.ope
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