1,720,977 research outputs found
<Article>The Situation of School Autonomy in Administration of Compulsory Education: International Comparison between Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States
No full textThis paper considers the decentralization of authority from the central/local government and school. Paying attention to "school effectiveness" for better school governance and management, this paper re-examines the logic under the propagation of School-based Management (SBM). SBM is based on the belief that highly autonomous school creates better school management; and that better school management produces better outcomes. In order to investigate the belief mentioned above, this study compares SBM and performance between three countries: Japan, the United Kingdom(UK), and the United States(US) using an international student assessment. This study creates school autonomy index that explains what discretion has been given to public schools in compulsory education and applies multilevel analyses. The purpose of this study is to examine the implications of schools being "autonomous" among the three countries. The significance of this paper is to investigate an optimal situation of the shared responsibility between schools and administrative bodies in education. Among the three countries, the common feature is that the role of the central education administration: they monitor and supervise the execution of educational activities by local authorities and schools. Compared to Japan, the United States and the United Kingdom show diverse patterns on shared responsibility among stakeholders, due to various school types in the UK, and discretion of school district in the US. School autonomy in the US and the UK are relatively high in teacher deployment, school finance and curriculum. Japanese schools tend to give more power to the head teacher only, and we need to re-consider this system whether it is relevant for "autonomous" school management
Influence of School-Based Management on Student Achievement in Indonesia: Multilevel Analyses Using PISA Surveys
No full text本稿の目的は、PISAインドネシアを用いた学力の規定要因分析を行うことによって、より効果的な学校運営・学習改善のために取るべき方策を検討することである。先行研究を見る限り、インドネシアを事例に最新のデータを用いた学校効果の分析は管見の限り見当たらない。本研究の成果は同様の問題を抱え、教育の質の格差是正に取り組む東南アジア諸国への政策的示唆が期待される。PISA2015年のデータを用いて、重回帰・マルチレベル分析を行なった結果、インドネシアの公立校における学校の自律性と学力は負の相関があることが分かった。This paper examines the means of improving school management and academic performance in secondary school in Indonesia using a PISA survey. Few recent studies have examined school effectiveness using the latest international assessment in Indonesia. The findings of this study are expected to provide insight to narrow the gap of academic performance, especially for neighboring countries faced with similar issues. After estimating the results of multiregression and multilevel linear regression analyses using the latest PISA 2015, this study showed that school autonomy is negatively associated with academic performance. The negative association of public schools in Indonesia can be explained by larger share of rural schools with weak management capacity, compared to urban schools with strong management capacity
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
