1,721,017 research outputs found
Changes and factors that contribute to long-term management of the number of botanical garden-related facilities in Japan after the Meiji era
Get PDFA quantitative survey focusing on the installation and closure of several botanical gardens in Japan was conducted to clarify the changes and factors evident between the Meiji to the Heisei era (1868-2019). 216 botanical garden-related facilities were surveyed, these were members of the Japan Association of Botanical Gardens, which is the only botanical garden organization in Japan. After World War II, the number of botanical gardens in Japan almost quadrupled and continued to increase until the early 2000s, after which it declined. A comparison of the transition of the number of three types of establishers, school, public, and private, indicated a difference in each category. Especially during the latter half of the 1970s, which denoted a big difference in the total number of the three groups. The transition by establisher type and the different open periods possibly led to the diversity of the botanical gardens in Japan. Currently, the total number of private and public gardens has decreased over time with the closure of private gardens is at more than half, so a safety net for collections is necessary. Since the correlation between age and closure rate was significant in public gardens, which currently occupy the majority, it showed that long-term management will be possible by regularly renovating facilities and reviewing policies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Current status of management, production and stand structure of managed Moso Bamboo forests in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan
Get PDF本研究は，鹿児島県の管理モウソウチク林の生産状況と林分構造の現状を明らかにすることを目的とした。調査として姶良市とさつま町の2カ所の管理モウソウチク林における林分調査と竹林管理者に対する聞き取りを行った。その結果，管理者の高齢化に伴い竹林での重労働が困難になっている一方で，林分調査の結果（平均稈密度3, 917本/ha，平均DBH 12.0 cm，新竹率30.6％，稈の一様分布）と施業現状から，対象竹林における管理（密度，施肥および防災管理）は現在も続けていることが考察された。一方で，国内需要の低迷などの影響から，竹材・タケノコの生産量は10年前と比べて顕著に低減していた。このことは調査林分における稈密度が過去より増加したことと一致していたことに裏付けられていると考えられた。今後，竹林は委託管理など新たな管理主体により管理を継続する場合，今までの竹林管理で集積されてきた技術，竹林生産などを参考情報として整理・記録する必要があると考えられる。また，作業がしやすい低密度かつ一様分布という林分の特徴を示す管理竹林を対象とした林業機械の開発と導入が，作業の持続性と省力化を改善する一つの選択肢として検討する価値があると考えられた。The purpose of this study was to clarify the status and problems of the management and stand structure of the Moso bamboo forests in Kagoshima Prefecture. We conducted an interview survey with 2 bamboo forest managers and investigated the stand structures in their bamboo forests, which are located in Aira City and Satsuma Town. It was revealed that density control, fertilization, and mowing in the bamboo forests are carried out regularly. As the result of this management, the stand structure of bamboo forests was revealed as: average culm density 3, 917/ha, average culm diameter at breast height 12.0 cm, 30.6％ of 1-2 years culm; the culm stand was close to regular distribution. However, due to the sluggish demand for bamboo products and the aging of forest labour, the production of bamboo raw materials, especially bamboo shoots, has decreased significantly compared to 10 years ago, which was also considered to be connected with the increase in the density of bamboo culm in the bamboo forests. We concluded from these results that it is necessary to organize and record the information and methods related to management and production accumulated in the long term of bamboo forest management to ensure the sustainability of production, especially if management passes to a new entity in the future. Developing and introducing forestry machines was also expected to be an effective way to save labor costs in a bamboo forest connected with its relative low culm density and regular culm distribution
The Transition of Washi Industry and Cultural Landscape Conservation in Gokayama, Toyama, Japan
Get PDFGokayama Washi paper, traditional handmade paper, has a long success story spanning about 600 years in Gokayama, where world heritage historic villages are located. Washi’s raw materials are sourced and harvested from plants which are found in forests and cultivated in fields. As a local industry, Washi production relates to natural resource utilization and local residents’ livelihoods, as well as influencing the cultural landscape. This research aims to clarify the characteristics of cultural landscape as it relates to Washi industry’ transition and the status of Washi production, to discuss the efforts toward regional landscape conservation. Through mapwork and conducting a field survey, we found that land use dramatically changed since the late Meiji Era. This included fields of paper mulberry, the raw material for Washi production. These declined sharply in the middle Showa Era, yet we could still find preserved areas of traditional land use and spatial structure representative of the Meiji Era. The status of production changed from household production to community-based unions. With the revitalization of this industry, we found that there was a noticeable tendency for the output of Washi paper to increase. Part of the traditional cultivation and production process is preserved, which are important factors for cultural landscape conservation
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