1,721,007 research outputs found
Comparative analysis of inflorescence architecture in Aquilegia species
No full textThe Aquilegia genus has undergone adaptive radiation over the last 1-5 million years. This has led to a wide array of diversity in flower size, plant height, and primary and secondary branching patterns of inflorescences. While a lot of recent effort has gone into the study of genes involved in the floral development (the ABC model) in the Aquilegia genus, only a few studies have looked in detail into intraspecific morphological differences in plant organs such as bracts, leaves, and branching patterns. The main aim of this study was to track Aquilegia formosa and Aquilegia coerulea to observe differences in organ patterning and in branching. While we noticed some universal patterns (in bract, leaves, and branching features) at three main points on the primary branch in both of these species, we also observed some differences, this included height, number of buds, requirement of cold to flower, and the number of days plants remain in the reproductive state etc. In the future, we would like to include more species from this genus into our study
Understanding developmental and molecular changes that trigger floral organ abscission in Aquilegia coerulea
No full textWhile the flowers may be the most visually charismatic aspect of the plants, they are also highly complex. Post maturation, the flower organs shed through a highly regulated process of organ abscission. Genetic studies on organ abscission of economically important flowering plants are in their infancy. Using Aquilegia coerulea (Columbines) as a model system, the proposed project goals are to understand the following: 1) Morphological and developmental changes underlying floral organ expansion and maturation. 2) The genetic basis of floral organ maturation and identification of potential candidate genes that can delay the process of organ shedding. We are using histology and scanning electron microscopy to determine the exact timing of the abscission zone (AZ) formation in floral organs. The AZ area from the receptacle, petals, and sepals from young and matured flowers is collected for RNA-seq. The proposed experiment will help to capture differentially expressed genes in the early and late developmental stages of floral organs. Identified potential candidate genes can be tested through functional genetic studies in the future
Understanding the Developmental Changes and Genetic Pathways that Trigger Floral Organ Abscission in Aquilegia Coerulea
No full textWhile the flowers may be the most visually charismatic aspect of the plants, they are also highly complex. Post maturation, the flowers dehisce through a highly regulated process of organ abscission. Genetic studies of organ abscission of economically important flowering plants are in their infancy. Using Aquilegia coerulea (Columbines) as a model system the proposed project goals are to understand 1) morphological and developmental changes underlying floral organ expansion and maturation, and 2) the genetic basis of organ maturation and identification of genes that can delay the process of organ shedding. We are using histology and scanning electron microscopy to determine the exact timing of abscission zone (AZ) formation in floral organs. AZ regions from the receptacle, petals and sepals from young and matured dehiscing flowers are collected for RNA-seq. The proposed experiment will help to capture differentially expressed genes in the young and late stages of floral organs. Identified potential candidate genes can be tested through functional genetic studies in future
Understanding developmental and molecular changes that trigger floral organ abscission in Aquilegia coerulea
No full textWhile the flowers may be the most visually charismatic aspect of the plants, they are also highly
complex. Post maturation, the flower organs shed through a highly regulated process of organ abscission. Genetic studies on organ abscission of economically important flowering plants are in their infancy. Using Aquilegia coerulea (Columbines) as a model system, the proposed project goals are to understand the following: 1) Morphological and developmental changes underlying floral organ expansion and maturation. 2) The genetic basis of floral organ maturation and identification of potential candidate genes that can delay the process of organ shedding. We are using histology and scanning electron microscopy to determine the exact timing of the abscission zone (AZ) formation in floral organs. The AZ area from the receptacle, petals, and sepals from young and matured flowers is collected for RNA-seq. The proposed experiment will help to capture differentially expressed genes in the early and late developmental stages of floral organs. Identified potential candidate genes can be tested through functional genetic studies in the future
Comparative Analysis of Inflorescence Architecture in Aquilegia Species and studying the Role of E-Class Genes in Floral Development
No full textAdaptive radiation has led to the rapid speciation of Aquilegia into approximately 70 species acquiring diverse habitats. This has resulted in a wide array of diversity in flower size, plant height, and primary and secondary branching patterns of inflorescences within the genus. The first aim of this study was to track Aquilegia formosa and Aquilegia coerulea to observe differences in organ patterning and in branching. While we noticed some conserved patterns in bract, leaves, and branching features on the primary branch we also observed some differences, this included height, number of buds, requirement of cold to flower, and the number of days plants remain in the reproductive state. The second aim of this project is to understand the role of E class genes in meristem and flower patterning. The ABCE model explains the role of these genes in flower development, while genetic studies on A like genes and B genes have been published, studies on C class genes are currently underway. We will expand this analysis to E class genes. We will determine the expression levels of the E class genes in five floral organs (sepal, petal, stamen, staminodia, and carpel) using RT-PCR. Depending on the expression pattern we will determine if we need to knock-down (using RNAi technique - Virus-Induced Gene Silencing) specific E-class genes to understand their genetic function related to inflorescence, floral meristem or floral organ identity. Through these aims, we hope to achieve a greater understanding of inflorescence development in Aquilegia species
Vernalization Is Key to Flowering In Aquilegia Coerulea
No full textTransition to flowering is an important step in a plant's lifecycle. Environmental signals elicit genetic responses, which initiate the transition to flowering. Aquilegia coerulea, a temperate perennial native to the Rocky Mountains, requires several weeks of cold treatment (vernalization) in order to initiate flowering. In the current study we use histological techniques to investigate changes in the shoot apical meristem (SAM), a region of actively dividing cells and its differentiation into inflorescence meristem. to induce flowering, A. coerulea plants were subjected to 4 weeks of vernalization at 6°C and post-vernalization plants were moved to greenhouse conditions. Histology of Shoot apical meristem (SAM) was done at 9 weekly time points. Non-vernalized plants served as the control. Results indicate that A. coerulea begins inflorescence development around the third week of vernalization. Post-vernalization treatment shows dynamic changes in meristem differentiation resulting in increasing inflorescence complexity and form. Initiation and development of a floral meristem continues with the terminal bud enlarging in size and initiating floral organs. This is paralleled by subsequent development in the axillary meristems which mimic the development of the terminal bud. Future studies will examine gene expression in the SAM during and post-vernalization to better understand the genetic changes underlying the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth
Tissue Culture And Metabolite Profiling of Submergence Tolerant Rice M202 (Sub 1)
No full textFeeding over 2 billion people each year and making up 20% of the world's dietary energy supply, rice is a major food crop. Environmental stresses, such as flooding, limit agricultural productivity. During flooding, water fills air pockets, creating hypoxic and possibly even anoxic conditions. Submergence tolerant Oryza sativa rice plants M202 sub 1 and control M202 plants were used to determine the extent of the tolerance response and the metabolic differences between the two genotypes. Sterile tissue culture techniques were used to grow plants in vitro. Plants were submerged after the appearance of the primary leaf for 72 hours. Roots and shoots of the two genotypes were analyzed separately. GC/MS analysis was performed. Metabolic analysis was accomplished using isotope labeling, plastid isolation, and mitochondria isolation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Understanding the developmental and molecular changes that trigger floral organ abscission in Aquilegia coerulea
No full textWhile the flowers may be the most visually charismatic aspect of the plants, they are also highly complex. Post maturation, the flowers dehisce through a highly regulated process of organ abscission. Genetic studies of organ abscission of economically important flowering plants are in their infancy. Using Aquilegia coerulea (Columbines) as a model system the proposed project goals are to understand 1) morphological and developmental changes underlying floral organ expansion and maturation, and 2) the genetic basis of organ maturation and identification of genes that can delay the process of organ shedding. We are using histology and scanning electron microscopy to determine the exact timing of the abscission zone (AZ) formation in floral organs. AZ regions from the receptacle, petals, and sepals from young and matured dehiscing flowers are collected for RNA-seq. The proposed experiment will help to capture differentially expressed genes in the young and late stages of floral organs. Identified potential candidate genes can be tested through functional genetic studies in the future
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