1,720,982 research outputs found
Antibacterial, Antiinflammatory, and Antioxidant Activity Test of Transfersom Containing Ethanol Extract of Turmeric Rhizome (Curcuma domestica Val.))
Full text linkBackground: Curcumin is an ingredient of turmeric that has various benefits. Ethanol extract of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma domestica Val.) (EECD) has pharmacological activity as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. Curcumin is a water-soluble compound that reduces penetration into the skin. Transfersome formulation is done to maximize the bioactivity of curcumin.
Objective: To test transfersomes containing ethanol extract of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma domestica Val.) (TFCD) that meet the characterization as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant.
Methods: TFCD formulation was performed by thin layer hydration method with concentrations of 2500 µg/mL (TFCD 1) and 5000 µg/mL (TFCD 2) and characterized including particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and sorption efficiency then tested for bioactivity as antibacterial by microdilution method, anti-inflammatory by protein denaturation method, and antioxidant by DPPH and ABTS methods.
Results: TFCD was characterized as a drug delivery system with particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and sorption efficiency of 422.4 nm, 0.4017, -42.4 mV, and 98.68% for TFCD 1 and 134.4 nm, 0.3753, -39.7 mV, and 99.26% for TFCD 2, respectively. Antibacterial activity with KHM/KBM values on EECD, TFCD 1, and TFCD 2 were 31.25/250 µg/mL, 4.88/19.53 µg/mL, and 9.76/39.06 on Staphylococcus aureus and 250/250 µg/mL, 4.88/4.88 µg/mL, and 9.76/19.53 µg/mL on Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity with percent inhibition values at EECD 2500 µg/mL, 5000 µg/mL, TFCD 1, and TFCD 2 were 41.37%, 46.33%, 92.80%, and 95.11%, respectively. Antioxidant activity with IC50 values of EECD, TFCD 1, and TFCD 2 were 21.71 µg/mL, 8.05 µg/mL, and 5.79 µg/mL in DPPH method and 35.22 µg/mL, 18.91 µg/mL, and 18.40 µg/mL in ABTS method, respectively.
Conclusion: TFCD was well characterized and had better bioactivity as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant than EECD.175 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Curcuma Spp untuk Mengatasi Resistansi Bakteri Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
No full textInfectious disease is one of the world's major problems in the health sector, especially in Indonesia. This is due to the high rate of antibacterial resistance. Antibacterials cannot work optimally if resistance occurs. from Curcuma sp rhizomes can grow well and are abundant in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of five types of simplicia Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.), Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.), Temu mangga (Curcuma mangga Val.), Temu Putih (Curcuma zedoaria (Berg) Roscoe), and Temu Hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant bacteria.
The ethanol extract of Curcuma sp rhizome was obtained by maceration. Antibacterial test using microdilution broth against P.aeruginosa resistant bacteria with an initial concentration of 500 μg/ml. Resistant bacteria were measured for their biofilm formation using crystal violet. Test the synergistic effect using the checkerboard assay. Then the membrane permeability test was carried out with OD 260 nm and OD 590 nm measurements. Test the efflux pump by measuring the accumulation of EtBr. SEM measurements to see the morphology of resistant bacteria P.aeruginosa. As well as using a negative control ratio (DMSO 0.5%) and teracyclinic antibiotics.
Turmeric ethanol extract (125 μg/ml), Temulawak ethanol extract (250 μg/ml), and Temu Mangga ethanol extract (125 μg/ml) showed antibacterial activity. Temulawak ethanol extract had the best antibacterial activity so that the biofilm formation on P.aeruginosa decreased ten times compared to the other five ethanol extracts. The combination of temulawak and tetracycline antibiotics gave synergistic results with a FICI value of 0.06. Then it can be bacteriolytic and inhibit efflux pump in the combination of temulawak and tetracycline with a concentration of 7.8 μg/ml and 1.9 μg/ml with the highest fluorescence value at the fifteenth minute. In the test group there was a significant difference in the negative control on the membrane permeability test and the efflux pump test.116 HalamanTesis Magiste
Peningkatan Potensi Antibakteri Tetrasiklin oleh Curcuma domestica Val. dan Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. terhadap Bakteri Resisten Staphylococcus aureus dan Acinetobacter baumannii
Full text linkThe effectiveness of tetracycline antibiotics become to decline due to the threat of resistance. The combination of antibacterial compounds from natural plants with antibiotics has proven effective against many strains of bacteria. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common resistant bacteria causing nosocomial infections. Acinetobacter baumannii is also given particular attention due to its high prevalence of resistance. Natural compounds with antibacterial activity could be considered a promising option to overcome this problem and enhance efficacy of antibiotics..
This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial activity of Curcuma domestica rhizome and Curcuma xanthorrhiza rhizome extracts and its combination with tetracycline against MRSA and Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) A.baumannii. Both extracts were obtained by maceration. Antibacterial activity was determined by microdilution method. The combination effect with tetracycline and extracts were evaluated using checkerboard-assay. Inhibition of biofilm formation, the activity on membrane permeability, and EtBr accumulation assay also investigated.
Ethanolic extract of C. domestica (EECD) and ethanolic extract of C. xanthorrhiza (EECX) exhibited antibacterial activity against MRSA with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value 125 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL, and MIC value against MDR A. baumannii was 250 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL, respectively. Combination of EECD and tetracycline showed synergistic effects against MRSA and MDR A. baumannii with Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) value of 0.5 and 0.4. In contrast , EECX only produced an additive effect (FICI 0.6) when combined with tetracycline against MRSA but showed the synergistic effect against MDR A.baumannii with FICI value 0.3.
Furthermore, EECD and EECX enabled to inhibit the efflux pump and combination of each extract with tetracycline also inhibit biofilm formation on MRSA and MDR A. baumannii. This combination also damage the integrity of cell membrane by alteration of membrane permeability. The result of this study was revealed that both extracts increased the antibacterial activity of tetracycline and may be used as an alternative strategy to overcome MRSA and MDR A. baumanni111 HalamanTesis Magiste
A Study of Inhibiting Resistance Mechanisms by Several Citrus sp Essential Oils Against Bacterial Resistants of Escherichia coli
No full textThe prevalence of foodborne diseases continues to rise due to the bacterial resistance of Escherichia coli. On the other hand, antibiotic resistance and its adverse effects have led to a decline in antibiotic use. The main focus of this study is to investigate the mechanism by which Citrus species peel essential oil (EO) inhibits bacterial resistance in a strain of E. coli.
The essential oils of Citrus species were isolated through the hydrodistillation method. The best MIC values were obtained at 250 μg/mL for Citrus microcarpa EO, Citrus hystrix EO, Citrus limon EO, and Citrus amblycarpa EO, with their MBC at 500 μg/mL. Only Citrus microcarpa EO, Citrus hystrix EO, and Citrus limon EO showed synergistic effects when combined with tetracycline (FIC Index 0,5).
The test of biofilm formation showed the best result for the combination of Citrus microcarpa EO and tetracycline at 2% formation. In contrast, the test of efflux pump inhibitors demonstrated Citrus microcarpa EO as the best value (250 μg/mL). In the membran permeability test at OD 260 nm and 590 nm, the mixture of Citrus microcarpa EO and tetracycline also presented the best value of absorbance at 0,488 and the uptake of crystal violet with more than half (64,37%). To support this result, the morphology test was performed using SEM, and potassium ion leakage was also counted by ICP-OES. The results for both tests also revealed that the combination of Citrus microcarpa EO and tetracycline produced the best results compared to others. In contrast, the test of efflux pump inhibitors demonstrated Citrus microcarpa EO as the best value.162 PagesTesis Magiste
Peningkatan Potensi Antibakteri Tetrasiklin oleh Curcuma domestica Val. dan Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. terhadap Bakteri Resisten Staphylococcus aureus dan Acinetobacter baumannii
Full text linkThe effectiveness of tetracycline antibiotics become to decline due to the threat of resistance. The combination of antibacterial compounds from natural plants with antibiotics has proven effective against many strains of bacteria. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common resistant bacteria causing nosocomial infections. Acinetobacter baumannii is also given particular attention due to its high prevalence of resistance. Natural compounds with antibacterial activity could be considered a promising option to overcome this problem and enhance efficacy of antibiotics..
This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial activity of Curcuma domestica rhizome and Curcuma xanthorrhiza rhizome extracts and its combination with tetracycline against MRSA and Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) A.baumannii. Both extracts were obtained by maceration. Antibacterial activity was determined by microdilution method. The combination effect with tetracycline and extracts were evaluated using checkerboard-assay. Inhibition of biofilm formation, the activity on membrane permeability, and EtBr accumulation assay also investigated.
Ethanolic extract of C. domestica (EECD) and ethanolic extract of C. xanthorrhiza (EECX) exhibited antibacterial activity against MRSA with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value 125 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL, and MIC value against MDR A. baumannii was 250 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL, respectively. Combination of EECD and tetracycline showed synergistic effects against MRSA and MDR A. baumannii with Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) value of 0.5 and 0.4. In contrast , EECX only produced an additive effect (FICI 0.6) when combined with tetracycline against MRSA but showed the synergistic effect against MDR A.baumannii with FICI value 0.3.
Furthermore, EECD and EECX enabled to inhibit the efflux pump and combination of each extract with tetracycline also inhibit biofilm formation on MRSA and MDR A. baumannii. This combination also damage the integrity of cell membrane by alteration of membrane permeability. The result of this study was revealed that both extracts increased the antibacterial activity of tetracycline and may be used as an alternative strategy to overcome MRSA and MDR A. baumanni111 HalamanTesis Magiste
Study of Chloroform : Methanol Extract of Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig on the Regulation of Quorum Sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
No full textBackground: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are pathogenic bacteria that play a significant role in antibiotic resistance. The discovery of effective and safe natural remedies has become essential in addressing this resistance. The nyirih plant (Xylocarpus granatum J.Koenig) has been traditionally used in medicine; however, scientific evidence regarding its antiquorum sensing activity remains limited.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the antiquorum sensing potential of chloroform:methanol extracts derived from the leaves and bark of X. granatum against the growth of P. aeruginosa and MRSA, as well as to perform chemical profiling of the extracts.
Methods: The extract was obtained from dried and ground leaves and bark, which were then macerated with chloroform:methanol (2:1). The Total lipid s (TL) obtained were partially saponified with a 2 M KOH solution in 50% ethanol at 65°C for 24 hours and then extracted with n-hexane. The obtained portion is referred to as the nonsaponifiable lipid extract (NSL), which was subjected to secondary metabolite screening using GCMS and LCMSMS methods. TL and NSL were tested for their activity against P. aeruginosa and MRSA, including the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The active extract was evaluated for its activity in inhibiting biofilm formation, swarming motility, protease activity, virulence production, and molecular docking.
Results: The leaves contain a dominant terpene compound (48.9%), while the bark contains 39.6%. The biofilm formation activity, swarming motility, and virulence factors of P. aeruginosa and MRSA can be inhibited by TL and LTS at varying degrees, supported by information on the affinity energy values and ligand efficiency of most compounds interacting with the active sites of LasI, LasR, and PqsR quorum sensing proteins in P. aeruginosa, while in MRSA, the interactions involve agrA, agrC, SarA, hydroxyproline, and the squalene synthase enzyme.
Conclusion: The compounds benzo[h]quinoline, 2,4-dimethyl, γ-sitosterol, 9,19-cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol, (3β), cycloartenol acetate, isospathulenol, alpha-tocopherol, α-cadinol, α-calacorene bisacumol, and n-Butyl palmitate show potential as agents quorum sensing inhibitor P. aeruginosa and MRSA resistance.271 PagesDisertasi Dokto
Study on antibacterial compounds from Artocarpus heterophyllus heartwoods
Full text linkaThesis (M.Pharm., Pharmatical Science)--Prince of Songkla University, 201
SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF COMBINATION BETWEEN CYANOMACLURIN AND ARTOCARPIN FROM ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS HEARTWOODS AGAINSTS STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS
Full text linkStreptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus epidermidis are major problem of human health and may generate antibacterial resistance problem. Flavonoid has been used for the treatment of several ailments including bacterial infection. Artocarpus heterophyllus is a potential source of flavonoid compounds such as artocarpin and cyanomaclurin. The study was conducted to observe synergistic effects between flavonoid compounds against S. pyogenes and S. epidermidis. The antibacterial activity of combination of artocarpin and cyanomaclurin isolated from A. heterophyllus heartwoods were evaluated against S. pyogenes and S. epidermidis using broth microdilution methods. Interaction between two compounds in combination was determined using checkerboard assay. Artocarpin showed strong antibacterial activity with MIC value of 1.9 µg/mL. Cyanomaclurin only exhibited moderate activity with MIC value of 15.6 µg/mL. The mixture of compounds in several ratios tended to increase antibacterial activities of cyanomaclurin. There is no antagonistic effect when compounds used together. It can be concluded that flavonoid compounds in combination may enhance antibacterial activity to prevent development of antibacterial resistance
GELATIN FROM MUSCOVY DUCK (CAIRINA MOSCHATA) BONE AS PHARMACEUTICAL EXCIPIENT: EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION
No full textObjective: This study aimed to extract and characterize gelatin from Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) bone using acid method.
Methods: Gelatin production was carried out by soaking bone in 5 % hydrochloric acid with soaking times varying between 6, 12, and 24 h. The extraction process was conducted using a water bath at 70 °C for 4 h. Gelatin evaluation included yield value, proximate analysis (water content, ash content, lipid content, and total protein content), pH, viscosity, gel strength, color test, metal contamination level, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.
Results: The yield value of gelatin produced from Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) bone was between 10.27-10.56 %, with water, ash, lipid, and total protein content of 2.26-3.14 %, 0.84-1.52 %, 0.24-1.15 %, and 71.05-75.86 %, respectively. PH of gelatin was 4.2-4.9, with a viscosity of 6.18-7.47 mPa. s, gel strength value was between 69.88-72.63 bloom, and color characteristic (L*= 33.33-35.31; a*= 0.52-0.81; b*=-0.55-0.26). In addition, the metal contamination levels were Cu<2 ppm, Zn<40 ppm, and As<0.2 ppm. FTIR profile showed that gelatin exhibited characteristic functional groups, while XRD analysis revealed that the diffraction peaks at 8° and 20° were specific characteristics of gelatin and similar to the commercial gelatin.
Conclusion: Gelatin produced from Muscovy duck bone has a good physical and chemical characterization and has FTIR profile and XRD profile similar to commercial gelatin, making it highly potential to be developed as an alternative source for gelatin production
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