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Products used against skin aging marketed in pharmacies: market assessment and advisory practices
Get PDFLe vieillissement cutané est un sujet qui concerne beaucoup de monde et de nos
jours beaucoup de personnes cherchent à le prévenir ou le corriger. L’objectif de
notre étude a été d’évaluer le marché et les pratiques de conseils officinaux en
matière de produits anti-âges. Il s’est agit d’une étude descriptive transversale suivi
d’une étude analytique qui s’est déroulée sur une période de six (6) mois. Les
données ont été collectées à l’aide d’une fiche de recensement des produits anti âges et des questionnaires administrés aux pharmaciens d’officines et aux
utilisateurs des produits anti-âges. Au total 73 produits anti-âges ont été recensés
dont 73,97% de cosmétiques, 21,92% de compléments alimentaires et 4,11% de
produits de phytothérapie. 68,49% de ces produits provenaient de l’Europe.
Seulement 10,95% des produits recensés disposaient d’un AMM au Burkina Faso.
La propriété anti-oxydante/anti-radicalaire était la plus importante aussi bien dans les
compléments alimentaires et la phytothérapie à (100%) que dans les cosmétiques à
(37,03%). Sur un total de 60 officines enquêtées, 58,33 possédaient des produits
utilisés contre le vieillissement de la peau. Les cosmétiques représentaient la
catégorie de produits anti-âges la plus demandée dans 80% des officines. 44,64%
des officines s’approvisionnaient en produits anti-âges chez les grossistes
répartiteurs de produits pharmaceutiques locaux. 63,33% des pharmaciens tiennent
leurs connaissances sur les produits anti-âges à travers la formation continue et
parmi les éléments pris en compte dans les conseils anti-âges, le facteur « âge »
était plus représenté avec 51,42 de cas. Aucun pharmacien ne proposait
uniquement des mesures hygiéno-diététiques pour la prise en charge des clients.
Les utilisateurs des produits anti-âges enquêtés étaient composés de 93,33% de
femmes et de 6,67% d’hommes. L’âge moyen était de 40,25 ans. Les effets
recherchés par les utilisateurs de produits anti-âges étaient surtout l’action
préventive sur la formation des rides chez 21,12% des cas et les achats de ces
produits étaient réalisés après conseil en pharmacie dans 59,52% des cas. 100%
les clients trouvaient que leurs produits répondaient à leurs attentes et étaient
satisfaits. Seulement un événement indésirable est survenu chez 3,30%.des
utilisateursSkin aging is a subject that concerns many people and our
many days many people seek to prevent or correct it. The objective of
our study was to assess the market and pharmacy advice practices in
anti-aging products. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study followed
of an analytical study that took place over a period of six (6) months. The
data were collected using a census form for anti-aging products and questionnaires administered to dispensing pharmacists and
users of anti-aging products. A total of 73 anti-aging products have been identified
including 73.97% cosmetics, 21.92% food supplements and 4.11%
herbal medicine products. 68.49% of these products came from Europe.
Only 10.95% of the products listed had an MA in Burkina Faso.
The anti-oxidant / anti-free radical property was most important in both
food supplements and herbal medicine at (100%) than in cosmetics at
(37.03%). Out of a total of 60 pharmacies surveyed, 58.33 had products
used against aging of the skin. Cosmetics represented the
most popular anti-aging product category in 80% of pharmacies. 44.64%
pharmacies sourced anti-aging products from wholesalers
distributors of local pharmaceutical products. 63.33% of pharmacists hold
their knowledge of anti-aging products through continuing education and
among the elements taken into account in anti-aging advice, the "age" factor
was more represented with 51.42 of cases. No pharmacist offered
only hygienic-dietetic measures for the care of clients.
The users of the anti-aging products surveyed consisted of 93.33% of
women and 6.67% of men. The average age was 40.25 years old. The effects
sought after by users of anti-aging products were mainly action
prevention on the formation of wrinkles in 21.12% of cases and the purchases of these
products were produced after pharmacy advice in 59.52% of cases. 100%
customers found that their products met their expectations and were
satisfied. Only one adverse event occurred in 3.30%.
user
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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