179,866 research outputs found
A Sensemaking Perspective on Open Strategy
No full textOpen Strategy, both as a set of processes and practices, and as an emerging academic field, “promises increased transparency and inclusion regarding strategic issues, engaging both internal and external stakeholders” (Hautz et al., 2017: 298; see also Whittington et al., 2011). Open contexts, by involving greater transparency and inclusiveness, strongly impact the way multiple stakeholders make sense of strategy or, in other words, negotiate, disseminate, or even contest the issues at play in strategic change. The diversity that openness brings to the strategic table – a diversity of people (inclusion) but also of information and of perspectives (transparency) – offers organizations more possibilities to help them to make sense of their complex environment (Seidl & Werle, 2018). To uphold the dual promise of inclusion and transparency, Open Strategy would therefore benefit from sensemaking research’s attention to the detailed practices through which people form a shared understanding
Mit Reformen gegen die Jobmisere: Rückenwind für den italienischen Arbeitsmarkt?
No full textLike Germany at the beginning of the new millennium, Italy is in deep trouble as far as the job situation is concerned. With 'Jobs Act', the Renzi government has committed itself to the mission of an extensive but controversial labour market reform. Centrepiece is the reform of the dismissal protection. With the introduction of standardized employment contracts, the distinct division of the labour market in tenured jobs on the one hand, and non-tenured jobs on the other, should be overcome
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Kinematic study of the spider system in a biomimetic perspective
No full textThe spiders' ability of walking and climbing on different surfaces and in different conditions is taken into account in this paper in order to define and study a suitable spider-model for a future climbing-robot prototype that can autonomously explore dangerous and extra-terrestrial surfaces. Indeed, the spider shows all of the requisites for the exploration in these non-structured environments: low mass, high motion capabilities, climbing abilities and embedded decision elements. In order to understand how the spiders can walk and climb, the attaching mechanisms, the dynamics of the adhesion and the legs' movements are evaluated. Thanks to this approach structural and dynamic directives for the model are found and the mobility of the real spider can be studied in order to define a suitable bio-mimetic model. The found simplified model is analyzed from a kinematic point of view considering the different conditions of contact and flight for the eight available legs. A kinematic simulator that controls the overall degree of adhesion of the system and the locomotion pattern of the developed spider model is implemented to confirm the effectiveness of the choices
A mechanical model for the adhesion of spiders to nominally flat surfaces
No full textIn dry attachment systems of spiders and geckos, van der Waals forces mediate attraction between substrate and animal
tarsus. In particular, the scopula of Evarcha arcuata spiders allows for reversible attachment and easy detachment to a broad
range of surfaces. Hence, reproducing the scopula’s roughness compatibility while maintaining anti-bunching features and dirt
particle repellence behavior is a central task for a biomimetic transfer to an engineered model. In the present work we model the
scopula of E. arcuata from a mechano-elastic point of view analyzing the influence of its hierarchical structure on the attachment
behavior. By considering biological data of the gecko and spider, and the simulation results, the adhesive capabilities of the
two animals are compared and important confirmations and new directives in order to reproduce the overall structure are found.
Moreover, a possible suggestion of how the spider detaches in an easy and fast manner is proposed and supported by the results
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
- …
