1,720,956 research outputs found
The TGF-β superfamily in dendritic cell biology
No full textThe TGF-b superfamily consists of a large group of pleiotropic cytokines that are involved in the
regulation of many developmental, physiological and pathological processes. Dendritic cells are antigenpresenting cells that play a key role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Dendritic cells have a
complex relationship with the TGF-b cytokine superfamily being both source and targets for many of
these cytokines. Some TGF-b family members are expressed by dendritic cells and modulate immune
responses, for instance through the induction of T cell polarization. Others play a crucial role in the
development and function of the different dendritic cell subsets. This review summarizes the current
knowledge on the role of TGF-bfamily cytokines in dendritic cell biology, focusing on TGF-bas well as on
other, less characterized, members of these important immune mediators
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Pro-lymphangiogenic properties of IFN-γ-activated human dendritic cells
No full textDendritic cells (DCs)play a crucial role inthe initiationof adaptive immune responses.Inaddition,through
the release of pro- and anti-angiogenic mediators, DCs are key regulators of blood vessel remodeling, a
process that characterizes inflammation. Less information is available on the role of DCs in lymphangiogenesis. This study reports that human DCs produceVEGF-C, a cytokine with potent pro-lymphangiogenic
activity when stimulated with IFN-. DC-derived VEGF-C was biologically active, being able to promote
tube-like structure formation in cultures of human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). DCs co-cultured
with IL-15-activated NK cells produced high levels of VEGF-C, suggesting a role for NK-DC cross-talk in
peripheral lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues in inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis. Induction of VEGF-C by IFN- was detected also in other myeloid cells, such as blood-purified CD1c+ DCs, CD14+
monocytes and in monocyte-derived macrophages. In all these cell types, VEGF-C was found associated
with the cell membrane by low affinity, heparan sulphate-mediated, interactions. Therefore, human DCs
should be considered as new players in inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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