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    Family study of schizophrenia: exploratory analysis for relevant factors.

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    Two hundred twenty-nine schizophrenic patients, diagnosed according to DSM-III criteria, and their first degree relatives (except children) were studied. HLA A1 and CRAG A1 antigens were used as markers of probable dopaminergic pathology and, therefore, as possible indicators of genetic homogeneity that might identify subgroups of families with a specific and recognizable liability. Data were subjected to a logistic analysis in which the dependent variable was the presence of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in relatives, and the independent variables were the presence or absence of HLA A1 and CRAG A1 antigens, the sex of the proband, the sex of the relative, the severity of illness in the proband, and the type of relationship. The results for the entire sample demonstrate that the type of relationship, the sex of the proband, and the sex of the relative have significant effects on the risk of disorder in the relatives. In addition, the presence in the proband of one of the CRAG A1 antigens is a valid classification criterion for identifying a relatively homogeneous subgroup of families of schizophrenic patients. Z8 0 ZR 0 ZS 0 ZB 4

    HLA-SD antigens and schizophrenia: statistical and genetical considerations.

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    The HLA-SD phenotype distributions of hebephrenic and paranoid schizophrenics, and of the two groups combined, in an Italian population and in a combined group from the Swedish population have been analyzed statistically. There is a significantly decreased frequency of HLA-A10 in all of these. Theae are some preliminary indications of an increased frequency (a positive association) for some of the other antigens of the HLA-SD series, but there is insufficient data at present for evaluating the significance of these findings. Differences between hebephrenic and paranoid schizophrenics have been detected

    HLA typing and affective disorders: a study in the Italian population.

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    HLA phenotype distribution was investigated in 91 affective patients. Significant increases over those of the control population were found in HLA-A 29 and in Bw 22 frequencies, while A 10 and A 30 were decreased. No significant difference was shown between the two clinical subgroups (41 unipolar patients and 50 bipolar ones). On comparing our data with those from other authors, Bw 16 was significantly increased. However, a high degree of heterogeneity was also shown for this antigen. Of some interest is the finding that relapsed and non-relapsed patients during long-term lithium therapy display diverging HLA phenotype distributions, with B 5 increased among the non-relapsed subjects

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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