1,720,961 research outputs found
Plasma protein changes in horse after prolonged physical exercise: A proteomic study.
No full textPhysical exercise induces various stress responses and metabolic adaptations that have not yet been completely elucidated. Novel biomarkers are needed in sport veterinary medicine to monitor training levels and to detect subclinical conditions that can develop into exercise-related diseases. In this study, protein modifications in horse plasma induced by prolonged, aerobic physical exercise were investigated by using a proteomic approach based on 2-DE and combined mass spectrometry procedures. Thirty-eight protein spots, associated with expression products of 13 genes, showed significant quantitative changes; spots identified as membrane Cu amine oxidase, α-1 antitrypsin, α-1 antitrypsin-related protein, caeruloplasmin, α-2 macroglobulin and complement factor C4 were augmented in relative abundance after the race, while haptoglobin β chain, apolipoprotein A-I, transthyretin, retinol binding protein 4, fibrinogen γ chain, complement factor B and albumin fragments were reduced. These results indicate that prolonged physical exercise affects plasma proteins involved in pathways related to inflammation, coagulation, immune modulation, oxidant/antioxidant activity and cellular and vascular damage, with consequent effects on whole horse metabolism
Ovine subclinical mastitis: Proteomic analysis of whey and milk fat globules unveils putative diagnostic biomarkers in milk
No full textimpact on both animal welfare and economy in the dairy industry. A better knowledge is
needed to understand the ovine mammary gland metabolism and its response to bacterial
infection. In this study, the proteomic changes in ovine milk as a result of subclinical mastitis
were investigated by comparing both whey and fat globule membrane profiles of samples
from Staphylococcus chromogenes-positive individuals, with those from non-infected counterparts
having high or lowsomatic cell count; the latterwere used as control. 2-DEand combined
MS procedures were utilized for this purpose. Although sample bromatological parameters
were very similar, proteomic analysis highlighted significant differences between the three
experimental groups. Most relevant changes were observed between samples of infected milk
and control. Modifications related to the defense response of the mammary gland to the
pathogen were evident, with important consequences on nutritional and technological
properties of milk. On the other hand, quantitative protein changes between non-infected
samples with low and high levels of somatic cells indicated that the latter may result as a
consequence of a probable unpaired cellular metabolism due to cellular stress, hormonal
variations or previous infections. Putative biomarkers useful for the monitoring of sheep
mammary metabolismand for the careful management of ovine subclinical mastitis to avoid
its clinical degeneration are proposed and discussed
PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS OF MULTI DRUG RESISTANCE IN STREPTOCOCCUS UBERIS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
No full textThe aim of this study was to assess the molecular mechanism of multidrug resistance in S. uberis isolated from bovine mastitic milk by using a proteomic gel‐based approach and combined MS procedure
Subclinical mastitis cause to coagulase negative staphylococci in ewe: milk proteomic analysis
No full textIn the last decade proteomic has become powerful tool in determining functions of milk proteins, from nutritional and allergenic standpoint, and in monitoring health status of the mammary gland. However proteomic studies on ovine milk are still limited. The aims of the study was to identify, new protein biomarkers useful in the sanitary control and in the assessment of nutritional technological value of ewe milk. Milk Fat Globules (MFG) and whey milk, obtained from both healty and affected by Coagulase negative Staphylococci animals were analysed by using a proteomic approach based on 2-DE and combined mass spectrometry procedures.
A comparison between mastitic and control samples showed a protein change due to a different molecular systems related to synthesis and transport of milk fat droplets, specific immunity in the mammary gland, structural and functional proteins correlated with chemical and physical properties of milk.
These proteins, after validation could be considered as candidate biomarkers to monitoring mammary gland status, well-being of the sheep flock and milk quality
Proteomic evaluation of sheep serum proteins
Full text linkBackground
The applications of proteomic strategies to ovine medicine remain limited. The definition of serum proteome may be a good tool to identify useful protein biomarkers for recognising subclinical
conditions and overt disease in sheep. Findings from bovine species are often directly translated for use in ovine medicine. In order to characterize normal protein patterns and improve knowledge of molecular species-specific characteristics, we generated a twodimensional reference map of sheep serum. The possible application of this approach was tested by analysing serum protein patterns in ewes with mild broncho-pulmonary disease,
which is very common in sheep and in the peripartum period which is a stressful time, with a high incidence of infectious and parasitic diseases.
Results
This study generated the first reference 2-DE maps of sheep serum. Overall, 250 protein spots were analyzed, and 138 identified. Compared with healthy sheep, serum protein profiles of animals with rhino-tracheobronchitis showed a significant decrease in protein spots identified as transthyretin, apolipoprotein A1 and a significant increase in spots identified as haptoglobin, Endopin 1b and alpha1B glycoprotein. In the peripartum period, haptoglobin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, apolipoprotein A1 levels rose, while transthyretin content dropped.
Conclusions
This study describes applications of proteomics in putative biomarker discovery for early diagnosis as well as for monitoring the physiological and metabolic situations critical for ovine welfare
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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