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Vascular effects of the Mediterranean diet part I: anti-hypertensive and anti-thrombotic effects
No full textThis review summarizes available evidence on the beneficial effects of inorganic nitrates and the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) oleic acid, largely contained in Mediterranean diet, on blood pressure and coagulation activity. Inorganic nitrate. Normal vascular function requires NO production from the 1-arginine-NO synthase (NOS) pathway. This process is defective in conditions of local hypoxia, and here nitrite can substitute for 1-arginine-NOS derived NO. In this context, NO generation from the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway mostly derived from green leafy vegetables appears to be an alternative source for NOS-dependent NO production, ensuring NO bioavailability also in situations when the endogenous 1-arginine/NO synthase pathway is dysfunctional or physiologically reduced in local hypoxic conditions. Olive oil and oleic acid. In addition to effects on lipoprotein metabolism and oxidation, the beneficial effects of oleic acid occur also on coagulation activity, namely on coagulation factor VII (FVII). Normally, a substantial increase of FVII coagulant activity (FVIIc) occurs within 2-3h after a fatty meal and persists for several hours thereafter. When a background diet high in MUFA is consumed, a lower post-prandial increase of FVIIc takes place
Leptin and exercise: An update
Full text linkLeptin is a multifunctional hormone (adipocytokine) involves in several biological processes. From brain metabolism, to signalling, in sexual development, inflammation, fat metabolism, as an ergogenic aid for sport and in the regulation of food intake and body weight. however, recent studies investigated some new aspects of leptin, elucidating the genetics mechanisms of production, relationships with starvation and environmental variables, and even some methodological issues in leptin measurement. Some interesting new studies deals with aerospace medicine, investigating effect of space flights on leptin. Relationships with rare disease such as HIV and with psychiatric disorders are also among the recent development of leptin studies. physical activity remain the most important factor associate with leptin metabolism, and recent studies shows how the leptin levels are influenced by exercise in extreme sport, such ultramarathon. Relationships between leptin levels and amount of exercise is well known, but still exist some controversial point about what is the shape of the relationships (if linear or polynomial) between leptin and moderate and heavy exercise. it is emerging the need for multifactorial studies which take into account phenotype, environmental variables, nutritional status, as well as cultural aspects influencing nutrition, and controlled timing in leptin measurements
Oxidative stress and vascular stiffness in hypertension: A renewed interest for antioxidant therapies?
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