1,720,980 research outputs found
Probiotics in Pediatric Gastroenterology
No full text: Etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not yet completely understood, but it is hypothesized that a disruption of the immune tolerance to gut microbiota, due to several potential factors like an abnormal gut microbiota composition and activity, may lead to IBD occurrence. Manipulation of the intestinal microbiota is an attractive target for the management of IBD, and probiotics could be useful to influence the disease's course. However, the existing literature on the usefulness of probiotics in IBD is relatively limited. At present, there is no evidence of efficacy for any bacterial strain in the induction or maintenance of remission in pediatric Crohn's disease, while there is limited evidence for the use of VSL#3 and Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730, in addition to standard therapy, for the induction of remission in pediatric ulcerative colitis. Moreover, current data assessing the therapeutic efficacy of probiotics in IBD do not fulfill evidence-based standards, with long-term maintenance studies and larger prospective randomized controlled trials still lacking
Exploring hypotheses and rationale for causes of infantile colic
No full textInfantile colic is a frequent problem in neonates and infants. This review addresses current management including the results for nutrient modifications; soy-based formulas; and prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics
Distance learning on breastfeeding for residents in pediatrics
No full text: Breastfeeding is essential for maternal and neonatal health, yet its promotion and support are often insufficiently addressed in medical and pediatric residency curricula. This study evaluated the acceptance and perceived effectiveness of a distance learning course on breastfeeding (DLC-Bf) developed by the Italian Societies of Pediatrics and Neonatology. A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted between August and November 2024. All pediatric residents enrolled in Italian pediatric schools (n = 1281) were invited to participate in an 11.5-h asynchronous distance learning course. The course included pre-recorded lectures, reading materials, and clinical case discussions. A 33-question anonymous online questionnaire was administered to evaluate participants' perceptions of the course's quality, content, format, and usefulness. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Of the 1281 residents invited, 74.2% accessed the course and 40.4% completed at least 90% of it. Among those who completed the DLC-Bf, perceived clarity, clinical relevance, and usefulness were high, particularly for modules on the management of common breastfeeding issues; however, only 23% completed the full course and 13.2% of all invitees responded to the survey, limiting inference due to potential selection and nonresponse bias. Almost two out of three residents noted discrepancies between the course contents and current practices in training hospitals, mainly referred to the management of the most common breastfeeding problems. The DLC-Bf was well received, highlighting the need for structured breastfeeding education during pediatric training. It may require improvements in order to increase the participation rate of residents, although this might depend mainly on the specific priority given to breastfeeding. Future research should assess the course's impact on residents' knowledge, attitudes, and skills in breastfeeding support. What is Known: • Breastfeeding is fundamental for maternal and neonatal health, even if training in medical and pediatric residency programs is often inconsistent. • Pediatricians play a key role in supporting breastfeeding, but curricula lack standardized, evidence‐based breastfeeding education. What is New: • We developed an online distance learning course on breastfeeding for pediatric residents with high reported satisfaction but low full completion • Practice-content discrepancies were observed, indicating the need for more interactive, clinically focused modules
Impact of hiatal hernia on pediatric dyspeptic symptoms
No full textHiatal hernia (HH) affects from 10% to 50% of adult population. The correlation between HH, gastroesophageal reflux disease, dyspeptic symptoms, and esophagitis has long been known in adults. The primary objective of our
prospective observational study was to estimate the prevalence of HH in children undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), irrespective of their symptoms.
METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 111 consecutive children (48 boys and 63 girls; mean age 94.9 ± 52.3 months) referred for EGD. In all of the patients a asymptomatic score assessment based on the Rome III criteria was used to measure frequency, severity, and duration of gastrointestinal symptoms. HH presence was
endoscopically defined; esophagitis presence was evaluated either endoscopically and histologically. Children were divided in 2 age-range groups: 48 months (group 2).
RESULTS: Twenty-three patients of 111 (20.7%) had evidence of a sliding HH at EGD. In children from group 2, we found a statistically significant association of HH with heartburn (P = 0.03, 95% confidence interval 1-9.3, r = 0.1) and regurgitation (P = 0.003, 95% confidence interval 1.7-20.4, r = 0.3). Regarding esophagitis presence, no association was found at any age either with defined esophagitis or with dilated intercellular spaces.
CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of HH in our study population was 20.7%. According to our data, HH correlates with the presence of heartburn and regurgitation in children, but not in toddlers. No association was found with esophagitis at any age
Breastfeeding support among re-hospitalized young children: a survey from Italy
No full textBackground: In 2021, the Task Force on Breastfeeding of the Italian Ministry of Health released a document calling for the provision of breastfeeding support in case of re-hospitalization of the child after birth. Since type and quality of breastfeeding support during re-hospitalization in Italian Pediatric Units (PUs) is largely unknown, the Breastfeeding Section of the Italian Society of Pediatrics (TASIP) conducted an ad hoc national survey. Methods: In March 2023, a specifically designed electronic questionnaire was sent to the Directors of 328 PUs, who were requested to fill it online. Results: Data from 161 PUs were received, with a response rate of 48.7%. Our results highlighted that 18.6% of units do not provide training on breastfeeding for healthcare professionals and 46% of PUs lack of an ad hoc policy on breastfeeding support in case of re-hospitalization of the child. Although 88.2% of PUs provide breast pumps to the mothers of the re-hospitalized young children, 34.8% lack of a protocol on the storage of expressed breast milk. Conclusions: Breastfeeding support for the mothers of hospitalized breastfed young children appears to be suboptimal in Italian PUs. Interventions aimed to structure and improve the quality of breastfeeding support for the mother-child dyad are needed, particularly developing protocols and providing a training on breastfeeding to the majority of healthcare professionals
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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