1,354,064 research outputs found
Primary school children’s drawings of Europe: A study on italian children”. Abstracts of the XXIX International Congress of Psychology
No full textThe study is part of a wider research ( Amann Gainotti , 2006 ; Amann Gainotti, Pallini , 2006,2007) that aimed at gaining knowledge about European children’s spontaneous ideas and representations of Europe before being taught about Europe in schools . 150 Italian children from first to fifth grade of primary school were asked , after a short interview, to make a drawing of Europe. Results show that children’s graphic representations of Europe follow precise developmental patterns, that outline their very first spatial and geographical notions and give an idea about how “cognitive maps” of a complex entity as Europe are constructed during childhood
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Arylazole derivatives by highly regioselective direct C-H arylation reactions
No full textHeteroaromatics are important structural units frequently found in natural products, pharmaceutics, agrochemicals, and organic functional materials such as liquid crystals and fluorescent dyes. Due to their widespread applications, the development of straightforward functional group-tolerant methods for their preparation in high yield under mild conditions has aroused considerable attention.
Recently, the transition metal-catalyzed direct arylation of heterocycles with aryl halides emerged as an attractive strategy for the effective construction of aryl–aryl bonds which, unlike the traditional metal-catalyzed cross-coupling strategies involving preformed organometallic reagents, enables direct elaboration of heterocyclic cores without the obligation to use coupling partners that are both preactivated.
Over the last years, we have been interested in studies aimed to broaden the substrate scope of the direct arylation of -electron-rich heteroarenes and, in particular, to develop efficient protocols for the highly regioselective synthesis of (hetero)aryl azoles by palladium-catalyzed intermolecular and intramolecular direct (hetero)arylations of azoles with (hetero)aryl halides.
These studies allowed us to develop efficient protocols for: a) highly regioselective Pd-catalyzed C-5 direct arylation of 1-methyl-, 1-benzyl-, 1-methoxymethyl-1H-imidazole and 1-aryl-1H-imidazoles; b) highly regioselective ligandless Pd-catalyzed and Cu-mediated direct C-2 arylation of 1-aryl-1H-imidazoles; c) a convenient base-free and ligandless regioselective Pd-catalyzed and Cu-mediated direct C-2 arylation of several azoles, including free NH-imidazole, benzimidazole and -indole. We will report the results of these studies and will discuss mechanistic proposals for our arylation protocols, which we successfully applied to the highly regioselective preparation of a variety of 1,5-diaryl-1H-imidazoles, 2,4- and 4,5-diaryl-1-methyl-1H-imidazoles, 5-aryl-1H-imidazoles, 2,4- and 4,5-diaryl-1H-imidazoles. It should be noted that these synthetic protocols allowed us also to prepare some interesting bioactive arylazole derivatives, including several cis-restricted analogues of Combretastatin A-4, a potent and selective antitumor derivative.
Finally, it is worth mentioning that we developed intramolecular versions of our regioselective direct C-H arylation protocols that permitted efficient access to interesting tricyclic heteroaromatics, including 5H-imidazo[5,1-a]isoindole and 5H-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindole derivatives
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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