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Spatial arrangement and developments of lao cities, persistence of practices and consistencies of forms : the fonction of the historic center and the old houses in the recomposition of thecontemporary city
No full textÀ la recherche de ses limites, de son mode de gestion et des orientations pour son développement, sans modèles et sans références claires, le nouveau développement des villes laotiennes dans de tel processus, est mal maîtrisé. Il explicite des difficultés certaines dans la construction des cadres de vie de qualité. Il met aussi en évidence la désolidarisation de la ville par rapport à ses structures primitives composées par ses racines historiques : ses habitants et leurs pratiques, ses centres anciens en tant qu'espaces hérités et référencés. À partir des années 1995 et 2000, espaces ou centres historiques sont modifiés peu à peu parallèlement à l'apparition de nouveaux quartiers, aboutissant à une recomposition spatiale, d'où la difficulté à identifier les centres historiques et à délimiter le territoire urbain lui-même. Les liens entre les villes qui se développent et leurs espaces anciens qui fonctionnaient jusqu'alors comme leurs lieux de référence, de cohérence sociale et de structuration spatiale, sont fragilisés. Les notions de centre historique et d'habitat ancien et le mode d'habiter la ville ont été, pour ainsi dire, altérés, corollairement à l'altération de la notion même de ville. La ville, son espace, ses composants sociaux, politiques et symboliques, en tant que matrice structurante et identitaire, semblent être aujourd'hui reniés ou négligés. À ce constat, développé dans la première partie de la thèse, sont apposés dans la seconde partie les regards introspectifs (dans le fondement culturel et humain qui a forgé les caractéristiques des établissements lao) et rétrospectifs (dans l'histoire et le temps de la construction spatiale) sur l'espace des villes laotiennes. Ces regards permettent de déceler la période qui s'étend entre 1975 et 1990 comme responsable des ruptures. Le redéploiement idéologique du nouveau régime, accompagné de nouveaux dispositifs spatiaux intervenus dans cette période, aurait apporté des transformations importantes dans la perception de la ville et de son histoire, dans la pratique spatiale, dans la manière de gérer et de développer la ville. En négligeant les centres historiques et leurs principes fondateurs, on néglige en même temps les facteurs pédagogiques des espaces hérités. Les pouvoirs publics et les habitants occupaient respectivement l'espace, durant cette période, pour les uns, suivant une projection idéologique de collectivisation des biens, et pour les autres, suivant une pratique d'occupation sans acte d'appropriation. Entre la période où les villes évoluaient sans trop s'écarter de leurs matrices de fondation et les moments où elles se développent dans une profonde recomposition avec difficultés et handicaps, caractérisant la période actuelle, les années 1975 et les années 1980 semblent constituer une période transitoire, illustrée par la notion de “ ville absente ” et par le phénomène de “ squattérisation publique. ”La réflexion menée dans cette recherche est de démontrer que les difficultés de la période actuelle sont liées à la période transitoire, que la stratégie de développement urbain et territorial en cours doit probablement être mise en œuvre en revisitant les expériences de ces années transitoires. Ce qui avait été négligé, telles la notion de ville comme composant hérité de l'histoire, la notion de citoyen habitant de la ville, la notion de création, de gestion et de partage des espaces, devraient probablement être replacée au cœur des préoccupations des décideurs et des habitants. Dans ce nouveau contexte régional, c'est aussi en interrogeant ses propres données endogènes ou endogénisées tout au long de l'histoire, que le Laos pourrait constituer ses modèles d'espace et de développement adaptés et durablesToday's regional construction of the South-East Asia, cities are faced with accelerated development, their economic, cultural and human spaces are recomposed and restructured. Their trajectories of development are also diversified. Beginning in the mid 1990s and has intensified since 2000s, the Laotian cities began a new urban period, which question not only the future but also the past: how does Laos live its regional and especially its local integration? In search of its limits and mode of management and in search of the direction for its development, without models and clear references, the new development of Laotian cities is badly handled. It clarifies certain difficulties in building quality of life. It also highlights the separation of the city with regard to its primitive structures consisted by its historic roots: its inhabitants and their practices, its old centers as inherited and referenced space. From 1995 and 2000, spaces or historical centers are modified at the same time the new area appears, ending in a spatial reorganization, causing difficulties in identifying the historic centers with the urban territory. The links between the cities, which develop in progress with their former spaces, worked until their places of social reference, coherence and spatial structuring are weakened. As the city changes, the notions of historic centers, the old housing environments and the mode to live in the city were altered. The city, its space, social, economic, political and symbolic components, as structuring and identity matrix, seem to be denied or neglected today. This report developed in the first part of the thesis, are affixed in the second part the introspective (in the cultural and human foundation of the space which forged establishments lao and their characteristics) and retrospective regards (in the history and the time of the construction of the space) to the space of the Laotian cities. These regards allow revealing periods extending between 1975 and 1990 as something in charge of the break. The ideological redeployment of the new political regime accompanied with new spatial devices intervened for this period would have brought the important transformations in the perception of the city and its history, in the spatial practice, the way of managing and of developing the city. Neglecting the historic centers and their founding theory, we neglect at the same time the educational value of the inherited spaces. Public authorities and inhabitants occupied respectively the spaces, during this period: for some, following an ideological projection in collectivization of the properties, and for others, according to a practice of occupation without act of appropriation. Between the period when cities evolved without moving away from their matrices of foundation and when they have to develop a profound reorganization with difficulties and handicaps, characterizes the current period. 1975s and 1980s seem to constitute a period of transition illustrated by the notion of "absent city" and by the phenomenon of "public squat". The reflection led in this research is to demonstrate that dificulties of actual period are linking with the transition period, that strategy of urban development of today has to be implemented by revisiting the experiments of the period of transition. What had been neglected, such the notion of the city with its components inherited from history, the citizen living in the city, the creation, management and sharing of spaces and territories, should probably be replaced in the concerns of the policies (decision-makers) and of the inhabitants. In this new regional context, in questioning also its own endogenous data, or internalized data all along history, that Laos will establish its models of space and development in an adapted and long-lasting wa
Dispositifs spatiaux et évolution des villes lao, persistence des pratiques et permanence des formes : la place du centre historique et de l'habitat ancien dans la recomposition de la ville contemporaine
No full textToday's regional construction of the South-East Asia, cities are faced with accelerated development, their economic, cultural and human spaces are recomposed and restructured. Their trajectories of development are also diversified. Beginning in the mid 1990s and has intensified since 2000s, the Laotian cities began a new urban period, which question not only the future but also the past: how does Laos live its regional and especially its local integration? In search of its limits and mode of management and in search of the direction for its development, without models and clear references, the new development of Laotian cities is badly handled. It clarifies certain difficulties in building quality of life. It also highlights the separation of the city with regard to its primitive structures consisted by its historic roots: its inhabitants and their practices, its old centers as inherited and referenced space. From 1995 and 2000, spaces or historical centers are modified at the same time the new area appears, ending in a spatial reorganization, causing difficulties in identifying the historic centers with the urban territory. The links between the cities, which develop in progress with their former spaces, worked until their places of social reference, coherence and spatial structuring are weakened. As the city changes, the notions of historic centers, the old housing environments and the mode to live in the city were altered. The city, its space, social, economic, political and symbolic components, as structuring and identity matrix, seem to be denied or neglected today. This report developed in the first part of the thesis, are affixed in the second part the introspective (in the cultural and human foundation of the space which forged establishments lao and their characteristics) and retrospective regards (in the history and the time of the construction of the space) to the space of the Laotian cities. These regards allow revealing periods extending between 1975 and 1990 as something in charge of the break. The ideological redeployment of the new political regime accompanied with new spatial devices intervened for this period would have brought the important transformations in the perception of the city and its history, in the spatial practice, the way of managing and of developing the city. Neglecting the historic centers and their founding theory, we neglect at the same time the educational value of the inherited spaces. Public authorities and inhabitants occupied respectively the spaces, during this period: for some, following an ideological projection in collectivization of the properties, and for others, according to a practice of occupation without act of appropriation. Between the period when cities evolved without moving away from their matrices of foundation and when they have to develop a profound reorganization with difficulties and handicaps, characterizes the current period. 1975s and 1980s seem to constitute a period of transition illustrated by the notion of "absent city" and by the phenomenon of "public squat". The reflection led in this research is to demonstrate that dificulties of actual period are linking with the transition period, that strategy of urban development of today has to be implemented by revisiting the experiments of the period of transition. What had been neglected, such the notion of the city with its components inherited from history, the citizen living in the city, the creation, management and sharing of spaces and territories, should probably be replaced in the concerns of the policies (decision-makers) and of the inhabitants. In this new regional context, in questioning also its own endogenous data, or internalized data all along history, that Laos will establish its models of space and development in an adapted and long-lasting wayÀ la recherche de ses limites, de son mode de gestion et des orientations pour son développement, sans modèles et sans références claires, le nouveau développement des villes laotiennes dans de tel processus, est mal maîtrisé. Il explicite des difficultés certaines dans la construction des cadres de vie de qualité. Il met aussi en évidence la désolidarisation de la ville par rapport à ses structures primitives composées par ses racines historiques : ses habitants et leurs pratiques, ses centres anciens en tant qu'espaces hérités et référencés. À partir des années 1995 et 2000, espaces ou centres historiques sont modifiés peu à peu parallèlement à l'apparition de nouveaux quartiers, aboutissant à une recomposition spatiale, d'où la difficulté à identifier les centres historiques et à délimiter le territoire urbain lui-même. Les liens entre les villes qui se développent et leurs espaces anciens qui fonctionnaient jusqu'alors comme leurs lieux de référence, de cohérence sociale et de structuration spatiale, sont fragilisés. Les notions de centre historique et d'habitat ancien et le mode d'habiter la ville ont été, pour ainsi dire, altérés, corollairement à l'altération de la notion même de ville. La ville, son espace, ses composants sociaux, politiques et symboliques, en tant que matrice structurante et identitaire, semblent être aujourd'hui reniés ou négligés. À ce constat, développé dans la première partie de la thèse, sont apposés dans la seconde partie les regards introspectifs (dans le fondement culturel et humain qui a forgé les caractéristiques des établissements lao) et rétrospectifs (dans l'histoire et le temps de la construction spatiale) sur l'espace des villes laotiennes. Ces regards permettent de déceler la période qui s'étend entre 1975 et 1990 comme responsable des ruptures. Le redéploiement idéologique du nouveau régime, accompagné de nouveaux dispositifs spatiaux intervenus dans cette période, aurait apporté des transformations importantes dans la perception de la ville et de son histoire, dans la pratique spatiale, dans la manière de gérer et de développer la ville. En négligeant les centres historiques et leurs principes fondateurs, on néglige en même temps les facteurs pédagogiques des espaces hérités. Les pouvoirs publics et les habitants occupaient respectivement l'espace, durant cette période, pour les uns, suivant une projection idéologique de collectivisation des biens, et pour les autres, suivant une pratique d'occupation sans acte d'appropriation. Entre la période où les villes évoluaient sans trop s'écarter de leurs matrices de fondation et les moments où elles se développent dans une profonde recomposition avec difficultés et handicaps, caractérisant la période actuelle, les années 1975 et les années 1980 semblent constituer une période transitoire, illustrée par la notion de “ ville absente ” et par le phénomène de “ squattérisation publique. ”La réflexion menée dans cette recherche est de démontrer que les difficultés de la période actuelle sont liées à la période transitoire, que la stratégie de développement urbain et territorial en cours doit probablement être mise en œuvre en revisitant les expériences de ces années transitoires. Ce qui avait été négligé, telles la notion de ville comme composant hérité de l'histoire, la notion de citoyen habitant de la ville, la notion de création, de gestion et de partage des espaces, devraient probablement être replacée au cœur des préoccupations des décideurs et des habitants. Dans ce nouveau contexte régional, c'est aussi en interrogeant ses propres données endogènes ou endogénisées tout au long de l'histoire, que le Laos pourrait constituer ses modèles d'espace et de développement adaptés et durable
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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