1,720,989 research outputs found
Keeping histology students under the microscope during Covid-19 lockdown: Lessons learned from the University of Genoa
No full textWe have read, with great interest, articles published recently in Anatomical Sciences Education that describe histology education during the Covid-19 pandemic (Evans et al., 2020; Caruso, 2021; Cheng et al., 2021a, b; Somera et al., 2021). As histology educators at the University of Genoa, we would like to add our perspective to these conversations
The Anatomia Universa (1823) of Paolo Mascagni (1755–1815): The memory of a masterpiece in the history of anatomy after two centuries
No full textTwo hundred years ago, the first of the nine volumes of Paolo Mascagni’s Anatomia universa was published
posthumously. This work was the fruit of a project that preoccupied Mascagni for most of his life: the Atlas of
anatomy, which was the perfect replica on paper of the dissection, a fundamental part of the teaching of this
discipline.
Mascagni’s treatises testify to the modernity of his approach to medical education, and his deep conviction
that the main objective was to educate young people and to enable them to acquire the most perfect knowledge
of the structure of the human body
Serum IL-21 levels from celiac disease patients correlates with anti-tTG IgA autoantibodies and mucosal damage
No full textObjectives: Coeliac disease is a multifactorial disorder influenced by environmental, genetic and immunological factors. Interleukin (IL)-21 has been linked to an increase disease risk and the serum level of IL-21 seems to be increased in CD compared to a healthy control population. Methods: Sera were collected from 160 CD patients, 120 untreated and 40 following a gluten-free diet, and form 45 healthy subjects. Serum IL-21 was evaluated by specific ELISA tests. Results: Our data show that patients with untreated CD display IL-21 concentrations significantly higher than both treated-CD patients (following a gluten-free diet) and controls. In addition, serum IL-21 correlates with serum titres of anti-tTG IgA autoantibodies. Finally, our results show a correlation of this cytokine with duodenal mucosal damage. Conclusions: A role of gluten, as antigen with stimulatory function on IL-21 production, seems to be confirmed by the longitudinal analyses showing that the gluten-free diet decreases to a nearly undetectable amount this cytokine. In addition, the finding of a positive correlation between the serum amount of IL-21 and the grade of duodenal mucosa damage suggests a strong immunomodulatory effect of this cytokine on cytotoxic T lymphocyte functions. This study provides an extra evidence to emerging data on the potential role IL-21 in CD pathogenesis, suggesting its involvement in the development and progression of CD. Significance statement: In untreated CD, serum IL-21 shows higher levels compared with treated CD and healthy subjects. Serum amounts of IL-21 correlate with anti-tTG IgA autoantibodies and with duodenal mucosa damage
Two hundred years of the Anatomia universa of Paolo Mascagni (1755-1815): a milestone in the history of medicine and an innovative and modern approach to medical education
No full textTwo hundred years ago, the first of the nine volumes of Paolo Mascagni’s Anatomia universa was published posthumously. This work was the fruit of a project that had occupied Mascagni for most of his life: an Atlas of anatomy that was the perfect replica on paper of dissection, a fundamental part of the teaching of this discipline. Through a short journey that traces some of the most important passages in the life of the great anatomist, the authors commemorate the Anatomia universa, an extraordinary work in the history and teaching of medicine. To do so, they draw on information and recover evocative Anatomical plates that are still conserved intact today in the prestigious Museum of Siena. The plates are organized to reveal the body from the superficial muscle layer down to the skeleton, as in the process of dissection. For the first time in the history of anatomy, the plates were life-size. Furthermore, in an original manner, and again for the first time, these plates showed the network of lymphatic vessels that Mascagni had brought to light a few years earlier. The beauty and perfection of these drawings are the result of Mascagni’s knowledge and his ability to recruit the most expert artists and engravers of the time. Mascagni’s treatises testify to the modernity of his approach to medical education, and his deep conviction that the main objective was to educate young people and to enable them to acquire the most perfect knowledge of the structure of the human body
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Representing the Body. From variety to the perfection of convention: the anatomical plates of the Leonetto Comparini Anatomy Museum, University of Siena
No full textThe history of Medicine has been passed down to us through the texts of Anatomy without images from the most ancient periods. Only in the 15th century was Mondino’s work enriched with drawings that went on to explain the dissection methods that the great Bolognese anatomist had included in his book published in 1316. But it was in the 16th century that anatomical drawings assumed extraordinary importance when Andrea Vesalio recognized their extraordinary function in helping to understand the texts and make them accessible to an ever-wider audience interested in the study of Anatomy. The authors, in tracing the highest examples of the history of anatomical iconography for educational use, present the case of the collection of about 600 anatomical plates preserved in the Leonetto Comparini Anatomy Museum of the University of Siena: tables that were made specifically for educational use and that have been regularly used for the teaching of Anatomy throughout the 20th century
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