1,721,803 research outputs found
New Design Craft. Blending Local Craft Practices and Emerging Technologies for More Just and Sustainable Futures
Full text linkIn un'era sempre più definita dalla poli-crisi (Giglio, 2022), la sostenibilità è emersa come concetto complesso e polarizzante. Nella sua natura di wicked problem (Murphy, 2012), la sostenibilità implica la coesistenza di priorità concorrenti tra sfere economiche, culturali, antropologiche, sociali e ambientali (Weber, 2013). Per esempio, la globalizzazione, sebbene economicamente vantaggiosa, ha contribuito all'erosione del patrimonio culturale e artigianale in tutto il mondo (Monteiro, 2020). Conseguentemente a questa complessità, emerge un cambio di paradigma nel design e nell’artigianato contemporanei, col primo che riscopre il Saper Fare tradizionale, e il secondo che abbraccia sempre più processi di iper-tecnologizzazione, definendo pratiche creative ibride (Micelli, 2016). In particolare, questo spostamento sfida la nozione convenzionale di "Industrial Designer", in quanto questi progettisti ibridi lavorano sempre più al di fuori delle logiche della produzione di massa, spesso impegnandosi con materiali sperimentali, producendo piccole serie tecniche e abbracciando modelli di autoproduzione. La convergenza del design e dell'artigianato, resa possibile da nuove tecnologie sempre più portatili accessibili, ha dato origine a un nuovo spazio disciplinare ibrido che questa ricerca definisce come New Design Craft.Questa dissertazione indaga come pratiche ibride che mescolano artigianato e tecnologie emergenti possano contribuire alla giustizia socio-ambientale e alla sostenibilità culturale. Nello specifico, definendo un nuovo paradigma per le discipline ibride che operano all'intersezione di Design e Artigianato, cerca di rispondere alla domanda: “In che modo il New Design Craft può fondere l'artigianato locale e le tecnologie emergenti per sostenere la sostenibilità ambientale e culturale adottando un approccio di design justice per consentire futuri più giusti e sostenibili?”.Inquadrato all'interno di un paradigma post positivista, questo studio triennale ha adottato una famiglia di ricerca prevalentemente qualitativa con approcci di indagine e ricerca-azione. Sviluppata sia attraverso un lavoro su fonti primarie che secondarie, la ricerca si articola in una fase di analisi dela letteratura e revisione storica, nella selezione di oltre 150 progettisti contemporanei sul territorio Europeo, Turco e Ucraino, e l'amministrazione di questionari strutturati e interviste per raccogliere dati su valori relativi al rapporto con la cultura materiale, i processi, le tecnologie emergenti e le pratiche di sostenibilità di queste istanze di progettualità ibrida. Questi dati sono stati successivamente organizzati in un database strutturato e analizzati utilizzando tecniche qualitative e quantitative, tra cui l'analisi linguistica tematica e computazionale, misure statistiche di sintesi e la visualizzazione dei dati.I risultati rivelano che le pratiche ibride di design-artigianato sono spesso guidate da sforzi per recuperare rifiuti materiali, preservare il Saper Fare e promuovere le identità bioregionali, e favorire metodi progettuali e produttivi distribuiti. Sebbene persistano punti critici sulla scalabilità delle pratiche ibride, la ricerca sostiene in definitiva la validità del New Design Craft sia come quadro concettuale che pratico con le sue sfide e opportunità uniche.Lo studio è culminato nella progettazione di un Manifesto del New Design Craft che delinea valori, principi e processi condivisi per supportare l’attività di futuri designer/artigiani ibridi, tanto quanto ricercatori accademici e policymakers; un intervento pilota di ricerca-azione con un fabbro locale per testare il New Design Craft Framework; una piattaforma Web per la diffusione delle conoscenze nel campo del New Design Craft; e un atlante del New Design Craft che documenta i professionisti e i progetti rilevanti selezionati per l’analisi di case studies. La ricerca contribuisce al discorso sul futuro del design post-industriale sostenendo approcci plurali e orientati al design justice e alla creatività ibrida.In an era increasingly defined by the poly-crisis (Giglio, 2022), sustainability has emerged as a complex and contested concept. As a wicked problem (Murphy, 2012), sustainability involves the coexistence of competing priorities across economic, cultural, anthropological, social, and environmental value spheres (Weber, 2013). For example, globalisation, while economically beneficial, has contributed to the erosion of cultural and artisanal heritage worldwide (Monteiro, 2020). Consequently, a paradigm shift is emerging within contemporary design and craft, with the former rediscovering Indigenous Making and traditional crafts, and the latter embracing processes of hyper-technologisation, thus defining new hybrid creative practices (Micelli, 2016).In particular, this shift challenges the conventional notion of the “Industrial Designer,” as hybrid practitioners work more and more outside mass production paradigms, often engaging with experimental materials, small technical series, and self-production models. The convergence of design and craft—enabled by accessible portable technologies—has given rise to a new, hybrid disciplinary space that this study defines as New Design Craft.This dissertation investigates how hybrid practices that blend craft and emerging technologies can contribute to socio-environmental justice and cultural sustainability. Specifically—in defining a new paradigm for hybrid disciplines operating at the intersection of Design and Craft—it tries to answer the question: “How can New Design Craft blend local craft and emerging technologies to support environmental and cultural sustainability by adopting a design justice approach to enable more just and sustainable futures?”. Framed within a postpositivist paradigm, this three-year study employed a primarily qualitative research family with survey and action research approaches. We adopted both deskwork and fieldwork in different phases to cover literature and historical review, the screening of over 150 contemporary practitioners across Europe, Türkiye and Ukraine, and the administration of structured questionnaires and interviews to collect data on material culture values, processes, technologies, and sustainability practices. These were later organised in a structured database and analysed using both qualitative and quantitative techniques, including thematic and computational linguistic analysis, statistical measures of synthesis, and data visualisation.Findings reveal that hybrid design-craft practices are often driven by efforts to reclaim material waste, preserve endangered knowledge, promote bioregional identities, and foster distributed ways of making. The tensions between the specificity and scalability of hybrid practices persist, yet the synthesis of insights supports the emergence of New Design Craft as both a conceptual and a practical framework with its unique challenges and opportunities.The study culminated in the design of a Manifesto of New Design Craft outlining shared values, principles, and processes that could guide and inform the practice of future hybrid designers/artisans, as well as academic researchers and policymakers; a pilot design collaboration with a local blacksmith to test the New Design Craft framework; a web-based platform for the dissemination of New Design Craft knowledge; and an Atlas of New Design Craft documenting relevant practitioners and projects selected from the analysed case studies. The research contributes to the discourse on post-industrial design futures by advocating for plural, design justice-oriented approaches to hybrid creativity
Prenvention of traumatic dental lesions: cognitive research on the role of mouthguards during sport activities in paediatric age
No full textABSTRACT. Aim This study reports a personal contribution and the analysis of the most recent literature on
prevention of dentoalveolar traumas, and the lack of knowledge and use of protective oral devices in adolescent
subjects (7-12 years old) practicing sports. Different oral protection devices will be illustrated, and among them
the types more suitable for the investigated age group. Materials and methods Recently we conducted a survey on
a sample of 300 children between 8 and 11 years of age practicing basketball, to assess the frequency of oral
traumas, correlated predisposing factors, level of knowledge of mouthguards and possible frequency of use of such
devices. Results From the survey it emerged that only 30 subjects knew about mouthguards (15 of them received
the information from their dentist) and none of them received information from the coach or within the sport club.
Furthermore, only 3 subjects (1% of the sample) wore a mouthguard during practice. Our study and other
literature contributions highlight the total lack of information of the practitioners, especially the young ones, and
the unconcern for these problems by the organisations (clubs) where sports are practiced. A cycle of 2 brief
conferences about orofacial trauma prevention and use of mouthguard was administered. Regarding the type of
mouthguard more suitable to adolescent athletes, the semi-individual types of new generation seem to be the best
choice, since they can be refitted multiple times in order to adapt to the dental and skeletal growth.
Conclusion We can conclude reasserting the absolute need of providing information about the risks of orofacial
trauma related with basketball and other contact sport activities, and to promote the use of mouthguards as a
primary protective measure among athletes, which will considerably reduce the social costs associated with such trauma occurence
Therapeutic approach to intrusive luxation injuries in primary dentition: a clinical follow up study
No full textAim This paper reports the results of a fifteen-years study carried out at the Dentoalveolar trauma study Centre of the University of Cagliari Dental Department, on treatment modes utilised for the recovery of periodontal injuries in primary dentition .Materials and Methods The data referred to dental injuries were collected and recovered according to Andreasen's dental trauma Classification: clinical Signs and symptoms, patient's age and gender, lesion site.The Authors focused their attention on intrusive luxation in pimary dentition, which are a very frequent trauma in children between 1-4 years of age. Results This careful conservative approach allowed the repositioning of about 60% of the 85 intruded teeth examined.It substantially reduced the number and severity of undesiderable sequelae, both local( enamel-hypoplasia) and occlusal(tooth retention), so that only in 25 % of the followed-up cases damages of the successor tooth were found in the permanent dentition.Conclusion The author conclude their study emphasizing that all those involved in paediatric Dentistry must be familiar with periodontal injuries and trained in their treatment, particularly as regard intrusive luxation in primary dentition
Performance Assessment of a Commercial GPS Receiver for Networking Applications
No full textRecent years have seen an exponential increase of DVD equipped and navigation assisted cars. Nowadays a car trip can be both entertaining for passengers and computer assisted for drivers. In a further integration of automotive and information technologies, cars will be able to communicate to each other and to the Internet supporting safety, infotainment and pollution prevention applications. The research area which investigates topics, Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs), is being widely investigated by both industry and academia. Position information plays a central role in many communication routing schemes designed for VANETs. This trend is justified by the feasibility of algorithms that route packets based on geographical proximity to the destination and by the widespread availability of navigation systems in cars. Geographical information is usually assumed accurate and precise. None of the algorithms available in literature, to the best of our knowledge, take into account possible position estimation errors. This paper is a first step in assessing the precision of a commercial GPS receiver for the support of vehicular communications. As we shall see, the performance of the receiver under investigation heavily depends on the type of urban area within this is employed. We believe that a strong understanding of the accuracy of such estimates is important to improve the performance and reliability of a vehicular network infrastructure. © IEEE
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