1,721,014 research outputs found
CLASH-VLT: Constraints on the dark matter equation of state from accurate measurements of galaxy cluster mass profiles
No full textSartoris, Barbara et al.-- Full list of authors: Sartoris, Barbara; Biviano, Andrea; Rosati, Piero; Borgani, Stefano; Umetsu, Keiichi; Bartelmann, Matthias; Girardi, Marisa; Grillo, Claudio; Lemze, Doron; Zitrin, Adi; Balestra, Italo; Mercurio, Amata; Nonino, Mario; Postman, Marc; Czakon, Nicole; Bradley, Larry; Broadhurst, Tom; Coe, Dan; Medezinski, Elinor; Melchior, Peter; Meneghetti, Massimo; Merten, Julian; Annunziatella, Marianna; Benitez, Narciso; Czoske, Oliver; Donahue, Megan; Ettori, Stefano; Ford, Holland; Fritz, Alexander; Kelson, Dan; Koekemoer, Anton; Kuchner, Ulrike; Lombardi, Marco; Maier, Christian; Moustakas, Leonidas A.; Munari, Emiliano; Presotto, Valentina; Scodeggio, Marco; Seitz, Stella; Tozzi, Paolo; Zheng, Wei; Ziegler, BodoA pressureless scenario for the dark matter (DM) fluid is a widely adopted hypothesis, despite the absence of direct observational evidence. According to general relativity, the total mass-energy content of a system shapes the gravitational potential well, but different test particles perceive this potential in different ways depending on their properties. Cluster galaxy velocities, being Ltc, depend solely on the gravitational potential, whereas photon trajectories reflect the contributions from the gravitational potential plus a relativistic-pressure term that depends on the cluster mass. We exploit this phenomenon to constrain the equation of state (EoS) parameter of the fluid, primarily DM, contained in galaxy clusters. We use complementary information provided by the kinematic and lensing mass profiles of the galaxy cluster MACS 1206.2-0847 at z = 0.44, as obtained in an extensive imaging and spectroscopic campaign within the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble. The unprecedented high quality of our data set and the properties of this cluster are well suited to determine the EoS parameter of the cluster fluid. Since baryons contribute at most 15% to the total mass in clusters and their pressure is negligible, the EoS parameter we derive describes the behavior of the DM fluid. We obtain the most stringent constraint on the DM EoS parameter to date, w = (pr + 2 pt )/(3 c 2ρ) = 0.00 ± 0.15 (stat) ± 0.08 (syst), averaged over the radial range 0.5 Mpc <= r <= r 200, where pr and pt are the radial and tangential pressure, and ρ is the density. We plan to further improve our constraint by applying the same procedure to all clusters from the ongoing Cluster Lensing And Supernova Survey with Hubble-Very Large Telescope program. © 2014. The American Astronomical Society.We thank the referee, Michael Strauss, for his constructive
and thoughtful comments. B.S. thanks Marino Mezzetti and
Pierluigi Monaco for useful discussions. This work has been
partially supported by the PRIN-MIUR09 “Tracing the Growth
of Structures in the Universe,” by the PD51 INFN grant
and by the PRIN INAF 2010 “Architecture and Tomography
of Galaxy Clusters.” P.R. acknowledges partial support by
the DFG Cluster of Excellence Origin and Structure of the
Universe (http://www.universe-cluster.de). Support for A.Z.
was provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant
HST-HF-51334.01-A awarded by STScI. A.F. acknowledges the
support by INAF through PRIN 2008 (VIPERS) and PRIN 2010
(VIPERS) grants. This research was carried out in part at the
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
under a contract with NASA.Peer reviewe
On the ISW-cluster cross-correlation in future surveys
Full text linkWe acknowledge financial contribution from the agreement ASI n.I/023/12/0 ‘Attivit`a relative alla fase B2/C
per la missione Euclid’. The support by the ‘ASI/INAF Agreement 2014-024-R.0 for the Planck LFI Activity of Phase E2’ is also acknowledged. MB, DP, FF, and LM acknowledge the support from
the grant MIUR PRIN 2015 ‘Cosmology and Fundamental Physics: illuminating the Dark Universe with Euclid’. MB was supported by the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, which is a facility of the National Research Foundation, an agency of the Department of Science and Technology and the Claude Leon Foundation. BS acknowledges financial support from the University of Trieste through
the program ‘Finanziamento di Ateneo per progetti di ricerca scientifica – FRA 2015’, a grant from ’Consorzio per la Fisica – Trieste’ and from the PRIN 2015W7KAWC project, funded by the Italian
Minister for University and Research.We investigate the cosmological information contained in the cross-correlation between the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy pattern and galaxy clusters from future wide surveys. Future surveys will provide cluster catalogues with a number of objects comparable with galaxy catalogues currently used for the detection of the ISW signal by cross-correlation with the CMB anisotropy pattern. By computing the angular power spectra of clusters and the corresponding cross-correlation with CMB, we perform a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) analysis for the ISW detection as expected from the eROSITA and the Euclid space missions. We discuss the dependence of the SNR of the ISW-cluster cross-correlation on the specifications of the catalogues and on the reference cosmology. We forecast that the SNRs for ISW-cluster cross-correlation are slightly smaller compared to those which can be obtained from future galaxy surveys but the signal is expected to be detected at high significance, i.e. more than > 3 σ. We also forecast the joint constraints on parameters of model extensions of the concordance Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmology by combining CMB and the ISW-cluster cross-correlation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Neutrino constraints: What large-scale structure and CMB data are telling us?
No full textWe discuss the reliability of neutrino mass constraints, either active or sterile, from the combination of different low redshift Universe probes with measurements of CMB anisotropies. In our analyses we consider WMAP 9-year or Planck Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data in combination with Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) measurements from BOSS DR11, galaxy shear measurements from CFHTLenS, SDSS Ly α forest constraints and galaxy cluster mass function from Chandra observations. At odds with recent similar studies, to avoid model dependence of the constraints we perform a full likelihood analysis for all the datasets employed. As for the cluster data analysis we rely on to the most recent calibration of massive neutrino effects in the halo mass function and we explore the impact of the uncertainty in the mass bias and re-calibration of the halo mass function due to baryonic feedback processes on cosmological parameters. We find that none of the low redshift probes alone provide evidence for massive neutrino in combination with CMB measurements, while a larger than 2σ detection of non zero neutrino mass, either active or sterile, is achieved combining cluster or shear data with CMB and BAO measurements. Yet, the significance of the detection exceeds 3σ if we combine all four datasets. For a three active neutrino scenario, from the joint analysis of CMB, BAO, shear and cluster data including the uncertainty in the mass bias we obtain ∑ mν =0.29+0.18-0.21 eV and ∑ mν =0.22+0.17-0.18 eV 95%CL) using WMAP9 or Planck as CMB dataset, respectively. The preference for massive neutrino is even larger in the sterile neutrino scenario, for which we get mseff=0.44+0.28-0.26 eV and Δ Neff=0.78+0.60-0.59 95%CL) from the joint analysis of Planck, BAO, shear and cluster datasets. For this data combination the vanilla ΛCDM model is rejected at more than 3σ and a sterile neutrino mass as motivated by accelerator anomaly is within the 2σ errors. Conversely, the Ly α data favour vanishing neutrino masses and from the data combination Planck+BAO+Ly α we get the tight upper limits ∑ mν <0.14 eV and mseff<0.22 eV—Δ Neff<1.11 95%CL) for the active and sterile neutrino model, respectively. Finally, results from the full data combination reflect the tension between the σ8 constraints obtained from cluster and shear data and that inferred from Ly α forest measurements; in the active neutrino scenario for both CMB datasets employed, the full data combination yields only an upper limits on ∑ mν, while assuming an extra sterile neutrino we still get preference for non-vanishing mass, mseff=0.26+0.22-0.24 eV, and dark contribution to the radiation content, Δ Neff=0.82±0.55
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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