1,720,966 research outputs found
Territorial unbalances in the Chinese industrialization process
No full textThe debate on industrial development policies has in recent years moved to "how" governments should intervene and what goals to pursue, rather than "if" they should be pursued. Government intervention is often driven by goals that fall into three broad categories: solving market failures, promoting strategic objectives, and reaching meta-economic objectives such as access to knowledge, education, and health care an equal distribution of wealth, sustainable social and environmental development.
Chinese territory is studied as an example of industrialization and economic growth promoted through meticulous planning and targeted industrial policies justified by strategic goals. However, over time, critical issues related to the spatial distribution of the industrialization have emerged, thus threatening the sustainability of economic growth.
The aim of this work is to analyze the distribution of economic performances in China, at several administrative levels. The analysis is carried out using statistical permutation tests. Starting from the national level, territorial unbalances were analyzed in terms of economic performance in the period 1998-2010. Economic performance is measured using a composite index that includes five variables (GDP per capita, employment, density of enterprises, exports, and industrial output). In the second phase, the study proceeds with the territorial analysis in Guangdong province, emblematic case of the Chinese industrialization, using data at county-district level. At this stage territorial unbalances are analyzed not only with respect to economic performances, but also with respect to the intensity of policy interventions (the variables used are specialized towns, development zones, innovation centers, ratio of revenues over expenditure of the local government, and investments in innovation). Finally, the last part of the work is focused on the case of Dongguan, a prefecture located in the heart of Guangdong’s industrial area. Here, territorial analysis is carried out at the town level and with respect to economic performance.
The analysis returns the picture of a country marked by strong regional unbalances. Guangdong, which is one of the most industrialized provinces of China, shows a marked dualism between core and periphery, and unbalances among different areas not only in terms of performances but also in terms of intensity of policies. Nevertheless, Dongguan does not show unbalances in terms of performances and seems, on the contrary, uniformly industrialized
Promoting communities of innovation: Do industrial policies matter?
No full textCommunities of innovation (CoI) was introduced at organisational level to pursue collaboratively innovation activities. By extending this
concept at territorial level, they may become government’s tools to undertake innovative projects for local development. This work investigates whether and,
if so, to what extent local governments support the development of CoI. We focused our attention on two different institutional settings, one in Italy and one
in China. We performed a quantitative and qualitative investigation, relying on official data and web sources. With the first, we developed a measure to
synthesise the intensity in promoting CoI; with the second, we highlighted the main programs’ characteristics and objectives supporting CoI. Results show
that in both settings, local governments make significant policy efforts in promoting CoI, focusing on similar objectives and relying on similar tools. This
highlights the engagement of governments and the relevance of their industrial policies to support the development of CoI
Industrializzazione e squilibri territoriali: un'analisi esplorativa dedicata al caso cinese
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between industrialization, territories and policies in a specific area of China, namely Guangdong. We will attempt to test the hypothesis discussed in the literature of a process of industrialization geographically unbalanced that in the last few decades has emphasized the dualism between central areas and peripheral areas of the province. The study is developed in two phases. In the first one, the area of Guangdong is divided in two parts, PRD and non-PRD. In this case we test the hypothesis that both performances and policies are more homogeneous in the PRD rather than in the non-PRD. This hypothesis is partially confirmed by the statistic tests. We then proceed we the second phase where the territory is further divided into 7 areas. Statistical tests show that the Inner PRD is actually the most industrialized area of the region. As concerns the policy intervention, data seem to confirm a shift in the distribution of policies from the center to the periphery. Thus, what we present in this paper illustrates a path of industrialization that has developed a number of differences between territories
Industrial Policies Promoting Communities of Innovation: Comparative Analysis in Puglia (Italy) and Guangdong (China)
No full textThe first aim is to show how governments support the creation and development of Communities of Innovation (CoI) in two different institutional settings, namely Puglia Region and Guangdong Province, highlighting both the differences and similarities in the implementation of such policies. The second objective is to measure the effort of governments in implementing policies for innovation. The overall aim is to shed light on whether, and if so, to what extent the “public hand” may be desirable for the development of CoI. Through a comparative study of Puglia and Guangdong, we first explore the innovation programs implemented by each government in the attempt of identifying those explicitly designed or having as an effect the promotion of CoI. We analyse characteristics, recipients, and objectives of the programs and highlight differences and similarities. The analysis of these programs brings us to the selection of indicators measuring the efforts made by governments for the promotion of innovation policies. We use these indicators for the computation of composite indices measuring the intensity of policies and compare the two areas in terms of public policy efforts for innovation. Considering two regions that greatly differ in terms of economy, and political and social background, we show whether and how local governments are involved in the promotion of innovation and in particular of CoI. Furthermore, we contribute to the debate that focuses on understanding the extent to which the involvement of the governments in the promotion of innovation produces desirable results. Finally, from a practical perspective, this work offers a critical analysis of a number of policy levers for the promotion of investments and initiatives aimed at creating favourable conditions for the flourishing of formal and informal CoI. The outcomes of the work gives strength to the idea that in the last few years innovation has become the main objective of governments, and CoI are one of the privileged mechanisms to achieve this objective. The comparison of Puglia and Guangdong, taken as two diametrically opposed examples in terms of institutional setting, may lead to uncover similar roles and uses of public interventions in the establishment and development of CoI. The demonstration of consistencies between the two areas in the implementation of policies would contribute to the more general industrial policy debate heralding the importance of public policies in favour of innovation, even in places where industrial policies are not clearly institutionalized
China: industrialization, growth and territorial disparities. A challenge to the sustainability of the process of change and development
No full textIn the last thirty years, China has experienced a continuous and intense economic growth. The literature bears evidence that the process of growth and industrialization has been accompanied by territorial disparities. It is also reported that the implementation of economic policies partially contributed to territorial disparities. The aim of our work is to investigate how much the process of growth and industrialization has been accompanied by disparities and how they have changed over time.
The analysis is developed in two stages. We first analyze the path of growth and industrialization that China has made in the period object of our analysis. We use a synthesis indicator that includes variables for exports, production, income, employment, and enterprises. Then the focus is on the territorial level in which, using data for the 31 chinese provinces, we analyze heterogeneity of industrialization and growth. We finally try to highlight which provinces have driven growth, which are lagging behind and which have improved their condition with respect to others
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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