1,720,984 research outputs found
EFFECT OF THE WATER EXTRACT OF THE FOUR O\u27CLOCK HERB (MIRABILIS JALAPA L.) ON THE HEALING OF OPEN WOUNDS IN RATS
Get PDFObjective: This study aimed to analyze the effect on wound healing following treatment with a water extract of Mirabilis jalapa L. by investigatingwound contraction and the associated histopathological changes in rat skin.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups, namely negative control, positive control (povidone-iodine), dose 1, dose 2, anddose 3. A 20-×10-mm rectangular wound area was created for the test. In dose 1, 2, and 3 groups, the corresponding dose variation of a 0.5-mLM. jalapa L. water extract (dose 1: 5% v/v, ≈243.1 mg/kg body weight BW; dose 2: 10% v/v, ≈486.2 mg/kg BW; and dose 3: 20% v/v, ≈972.4 mg/kg BW)was topically applied for 14 days on open wounds of rats. Widespread wound contractions were measured on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13, andhistopathological changes in the skin were observed on day 15 using hematoxylin and eosin staining.Results: The M. jalapa L. water extract accelerated wound healing. The optimal dose was found to be 20% v/v (≈972.4 mg/kg BW).Conclusion: M. jalapa L. extracts are potential healing agents for open wounds
Dexamethasone and 5% NaCl Solution Induce Hypertension in Sparangue dawly Male Rats
Get PDFHigh blood pressure can be caused by excess salt intake Dexamethasone is a potent anti-inflammatory drug, but the long-term administration can cause hypertension. This study aims to determine the accurate time and dose that cause hypertension in rat models by administration of a combination of dexamethasone and 5% NaCl solution. The control group was administrated with aquadest orally, 3 test groups were administrated with dexamethasone at a doses of 0.02mg/kg BW, 0.03mg/kg BW, and 0.5mg/kg BW intraperitonially (i.p) for 28 days. A 5% NaCl solution were administrated instead of drinking water to the test group. Blood pressure and body weight were measured weekly for 28 days. Results of the study show that Dexamethasone at a dose of 0.02mg/kg BW caused hypertension on day-28 where the rats blood pressure increase to 148mmHg/103mmHg (±1.9/±3.1) (P0.05) compared to control rats and the weight decline by 90 grams. Dexamethasone 0.03mg/kg BW caused hypertension on day-21, with the increase of rats blood pressure at144mmHg/101mmHg (±2,6/±3.2) (P0.05) compared to control and the weight decrease by 83 grams. Dexamethasone 0.5mg/kg BW caused hypertension on day-7, the rats blood pressure rise to 146mmHg/103mmHg (±1.6/1.9) (P0.05) compared to control and the weight decrease by 69 grams. As conclusion, Dexamethasone at dose of 0.5mg/kg BW and NaCl 5% cause hypertension faster on day 14 compared to dexamethasone at dose of 0.02mg/kg BW and NaCl 5% which cause hypertension slower after 28 days of administration
ANTITHROMBOTIC EFFECT OF TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRACEUM ON COLLAGEN/ EPINEPHRINE-INDUCED THROMBOEMBOLISM IN MICE
Get PDFObjective: This study aimed to further investigate the antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of Trigonella foenum-graceum (TFG) in vivo.Methods: Male mice were divided into two experimental groups (bleeding duration and survival rate). The study groups comprised vehicle controls(administered carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]), negative controls (administered CMC), positive controls (administered aspirin), and experimentaltreatment groups (administered TFG extract at three doses). Bleeding duration was assessed by excising the tail vein. Survival rate was determinedby inducing thrombosis through intravenous collagen/epinephrine administration.Results: In mice treated with TFG extract for 7 days, bleeding duration was significantly increased compared with that in controls (p<0.05). Moreover,mice treated with TFG showed increased survival rates compared with negative controls.Conclusion: TFG extract showed antithrombotic activity in mice by significantly increasing bleeding duration and survival rate
ANTITHROMBOTIC ACTIVITY OF TAMARINDUS INDICA L. IN MICE
Get PDFObjective: This study aimed to investigate the antithrombotic activity of Tamarindus indica L. extract (TIE) in mouse models (in vivo).Methods: TIE was orally administered to mice at three different doses for 7 days. TIE-treated mice were used in two experiments of antithromboticactivity: An examination of bleeding time following tail cutting and an examination of survival rate after collagen-epinephrine-inducedthromboembolism. The TIE groups were observed after 7 days of treatment and compared to an aspirin-treated group and a control group.Results: Treatment with TIE led to a significant increase in bleeding time compared with that in the control group. TIE treatment also protected micefrom thromboembolic death, significantly increasing survival rates in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: TIE has the potential as an antithrombotic agent against platelet thromboembolism
Characterization and biodistribution of trans resveratrol-PEG-folic acid-gold nanoparticle conjugates
Get PDFPurpose: To evaluate the characteristics and biodistribution of trans resveratrol-PEG-folic acid-gold nanoparticle conjugates (rsv-PEG-FA-AuNP).
Methods: Gold nanoparticles were produced by citric reduction followed by conjugation of PEG-folic acid and resveratrol. Characterization of rsv-PEG-FA-AuNP conjugates including their particle size, zeta potential, and by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was carried out. Biodistribution study of rsv-PEG-FA-AuNP was carried out using female Sprague Dawley rats. Biodistribution data were obtained from high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis.
Results: The mean particle size and zeta potential of rsv-PEG-FA-AuNP were 249.03 ± 10.31 and - 36.33 ± 3.12 mV, respectively. TEM images showed rsv-PEG-FA-AuNP conjugates formed spherical shape. Rsv-PEG-FA-AuNP conjugates found in plasma, kidney (1.90 ± 0.20 μg/g), spleen (2.65 ± 1.18 μg/g), liver (1.74 ± 0.03 μg/g), and lung (1.82 ± 0.12 μg/g), after 90 minutes intravenous administration (i.v.) in female Sprague Dawley rats. No free resveratrol was found in plasma, kidney, or spleen after i.v administration in female dawdle Sprague Dawley rats.
Conclusion: Resveratrol-PEG-FA-AuNP conjugates appear to be a potential chemotherapy delivery system for active targeting purposes because of its longer systemic circulation and its accumulation in the kidney
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HPLC-UV METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF ACRYLAMIDE AND GLYCIDAMIDE IN VOLUMETRIC ABSORPTIVE MICROSAMPLING
Get PDFObjective: Acrylamide is a carcinogenic compound that can be found in commonly consumed foods and cigarette smoke. This compound is metabolized by cytochrome P450 in the human body to a more reactive metabolite, glycidamide. This study aimed to optimize and validate a sensitive HPLC-UV method for determining acrylamide and glycidamide simultaneously in the volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) sample.
Methods: Isoniazid as an internal standard was added to the VAMS sample containing acrylamide and glycidamide prior to protein precipitation. The analytes and internal standard were separated using reversed-phase chromatography with the C18 SunfireTMWaters® column (5 µm; 250 mm x 4.6 mm) and an ultraviolet detector.
Results: The optimum chromatographic condition was eluted at a column temperature of 30 °C with a mobile phase of 6 mmol potassium dihydrogen phosphate pH 3.5–methanol (96:4 v/v) using a flow rate of 0.50 ml/min and was detected at 210 nm. The LLOQ was obtained at 1.0 µg/ml for both acrylamide and glycidamide. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 1.0-100.0 µg/ml.
Conclusion: The developed bioanalytical method was valid based on US FDA Guideline for Bioanalytical Method Validation 2018
Formulasi Serum sebagai Penyembuh Luka Bakar Berbahan Baku Utama Serbuk Konsentrat Ikan Gabus (Channa striatus)
Get PDFIkan gabus (Channa striatus) diketahui dapat menyembuhkan luka karena mengandung kadar tinggi protein, asam amino esensial dan asam lemak yang berperan dalam proses penyembuhan luka. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat serum sebagai penyembuh luka bakar yang mengandung serbuk konsentrat ikan gabus (Channa striatus) yang telah dibuat gelasi ionik dengan kitosan dan natrium tripolifosfat sebagai zat aktif. Serbuk konsentrat ikan gabus dengan kosentrasi 7,5% (formula 1), 10% (formula 2) dan 12,5% (formula 3). Selanjutnya dibuat menjadi serum dengan menggunakan kolagen dan gelatin sebagai bahan pengental. Sediaan serum yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi in vitro dan dievaluasi secara in vivo penyembuhan luka bakar derajat dua (deep partial thickness) pada kelinci. Suspensi dan serum yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi secara fisik maupun kimia. Hasil pengukuran suspensi formula 1, 2 dan 3 adalah sebagai berikut: ukuran partikel berturut–turut 42,67-204,23 nm, 70,81-257,11 nm, 128,86-323,68 nm; nilai potensial zeta (+)16,9 mV, (+)18,3 mV, (+)8,4 mV; ketiga formula memiliki partikel berbentuk sferis. Dari hasil uji in vivo dan analisa histologi sediaan serum serbuk konsentrat ikan gabus-kitosan tripolifosfat dapat digunakan sebagai penyembuh luka bakar derajat dua dalam.Snakehead fish (Channa striatus) has been reported can be used for wound healing because contains high amount of protein, essential amino acids and fatty acids that influenced wound healing. This study was performed to formulate serum for burn wound healing contain concentrate powder of snakehead fish (Channa striatus) have been made with gelation ionic using chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate as an active substances. Concentrate powder of snakehead fish with concentration 7.5% (formula 1), 10% (formula 2) and 12.5% (formula 3). And then formulated to serum using collagen and gelatin as thickening agent. Serum has been formulated, characterized and evaluated in vivo for burn wound healing second degree (deep partial thickness) on rabbits. Suspense and also serums has been characterized by physicochemical. The results showed that nanoparticle suspenses (formula 1, formula 2 and formula 3) have particle size in range 42.67-204.23 nm, 70.81-257.11 nm, 128.86-323.68 nm; zeta potential (+) 16.9 mV, (+) 18.3 mV, (+) 18.4 mV; all of formulas have sferichal particles. In vivo study and analized histology showed that serums from powder concentrate of snakehead fish and chitosan-tripolyphosphate have burn wound healing second degree (deep partial thickness) effect
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TWO CELASTROL NANOEMULSIONS PREPARED FROM TWO OILS: ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE AND VIRGIN COCONUT OIL
Get PDFObjective: Celastrol, which is classified as BCS 4, needs to be developed into a nanoemulsion formula for a stable and good formulation. The aim of the study was to determine the in vitro penetration ability and adsorption efficiency (EE) between two different base oils, namely Isopropyl myristate (IPM) and virgin coconut. oil (VCO).
Methods: Two celastrol nanoemulsion formulas were prepared by high energy method using High share homogenizer (HSH) at 15,000 rpm for 15 min, using different oil-based components, F1 IPM and F2 VCO. Particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), D90, zeta potential, and morphology of nanoemulsions was evaluated. In vitro studies by Franz diffusion cell test method determined the difference.
Results: The results showed that celastrol can be formulated well with a ternary ratio of 5:45:50 for IPM and 20:30:50 for VCO. The absorption efficiency test for celestrol levels was 96.49%±2.72 for IPM and 76.53%±1.19 for VCO. The mean particle size, PDI, and zeta potential were 70.81±0.20 nm, 0.1±0.03, and 50.2±0.60 mV, for VCO and 186.23±3, respectively. 12 nm, 0.2±0.07, and 45.5±1.10 mV for HDI. Spherical morphology<200 nm. Franz diffusion in vitro at 20 and 24 h, celastrol is well penetrated at levels of 2.4 g/ml gram and 2.5 g/ml for HDI and at 2.0 g/ml gram and 2.4 g/ml, respectively. ml/gram for VCO.
Conclusion: Celastrol was successfully developed into nanoemulsions using IPM or VCO, particle size<200 nm, and stable spherical shape
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) improves extraction and antioxidant activity of stem bark of Garcinia cowa Roxb.
Get PDFGarcinia cowa Roxb. ex DC. is a plant belonging to the Clusiaceae family, and commonly dicovered in Southeast and South Asia. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of eight natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) in extracting total xanthones and phenolic compounds from the stem bark using ultrasound-assisted extraction as there is limited research on the use of NaDES in this plant extraction process. The study also examined their antioxidant properties. The NaDES were synthesized with choline chloride and betaine as hydrogen-bond acceptors, accompanied by various acids, alcohols, and glucose as hydrogen-bond donors. In comparison, ethanol was used as standard solvent. The NaDES exhibited higher densities than water, ranging from 1.059 to 1.244 g/cm³, with density increasing according to the number of hydroxyl groups present in the constituents. The total phenolic content (TPC) varied from 22.82 to 28.73 mg GAE/g extract, with NaDES1 (a combination of choline chloride, 1,2-propanediol, and water in a ratio of 1:3:1) showing the highest TPC at 28.73±0.18 mg GAE/g extract. It also exhibited significant antioxidant activities, as demonstrated by DPPH (28.98±0.03 µg/mL) and FRAP assays (43.66±1.51 mmol trolox/g dw). A significant negative correlation was observed between total xanthone, total phenolic content, and IC50 values. These findings suggest that NaDES, particularly NaDES1, have considerable advantages in extracting phenolic compounds and xanthones from G. cowa stem bark, resulting in enhanced antioxidant properties.This highlights the potential of NaDES as eco-friendly and effective solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials
CELASTROL NANOEMULGEL FORMULATION AND IN VITRO PENETRATION TEST
Get PDFObjective: To obtain formulations of Celastrol (Cst) nanoemulgel via transdermal route. Celastrol is classified in BCS 4 class as an anti-inflammatory drug. These routes are considered to reduce the risk of Celastrol side effects and have the same characteristics as skin morphology.
Methods: Celastrol nanoemulgel was prepared by a high-pressure homogenizer (HPH) technique. To find the optimum nanoemulsion area by using the Chemix 7.00 ternary phase program. Celastrol nanoemulgel was evaluated by measuring the particle size, PDI, morphology, zeta potential, stability tests and in vitro using Franz diffusion cell
Results: Results showed the ideal formula based on the ternary phase diagram using chemix 7.00 is oil: smix: water (5:45:50), with particle size 89.9±5 nm, PDI 0.1, and zeta-21 mV. The morphological shape is quite spherical ≤ 100±5 nm. The pH value of this formula is 4.5, which compatible with the pH of the skin. The highest recovery rate of Celastrol and encapsulation efficiency (EE) were formulas 3 μg/ml and 5 μg/ml, with EE 91.70% and 94.54%, respectively. In vitro test results showed that the formula 3 μg/ml and 5 μg/ml give better penetration results than the formula 2.5 μg/ml. Thus, Celastrol nanoemulgel formula has good potential to be developed as a transdermal anti-inflammatory drug.
Conclusion: Transdermal nanoemulgel containing Celastrol has been successfully developed with particle size ≤ 200±2 nm
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