1,721,065 research outputs found
Spettatori di ingiustizie sociali
No full textDa un punto di vista psicologico, lo scopo della giustizia consiste essenzialmente in tre atteggiamenti: a) la credenza nel principio di equità tra persone; b) la volontà di fare delle rinunce per il benessere altrui; c) la volontà di allocare una parte delle risorse della comunità per altri. Per quelle categorie sociali di soggetti che rientrano nel nostro obiettivo di giustizia, l'interesse verso un loro meritato equo trattamento è saliente. L'esclusione morale, e quindi l'ingiustizia sociale, si realizza quando singoli individui, gruppi o addirittura nazioni escludono minoranze e in generale specifici aggregati di persone, siano esse accomunate da fattori come la religione, l'etnia, il sesso o la condizione economica, dal proprio scopo di giustizia. Come conseguenza del processo di esclusione, le regole e i valori morali che vengono applicati a chi siede nel cerchio dell'appartenenza (dove si esercita la giustizia sociale), non si applicano a colui che è culturalmente collocato al di là, nella terra indistinta della violenza e dell'indifferenza (dove si pratica l'ingiustizia sociale). Sulla base di un simile scenario, nel presente capitolo il tema dell'ingiustizia sociale verrà affrontato approfondendo la figura degli spettatori e il loro passaggio da una condizione di inerzia a un ruolo di sollecitazione e di partecipazione al cambiamento sociale
The bystanders to violence and social injustice: From inactivity to change in the social thought
No full textThe complex issue of social justice will be discussed in this paper in a socio-constructionist perspective, with specific reference to the figure of "bystanders" and the passage from a condition of inertia to functions of pressure for social change. Bystanders, inert and passive onlookers of violence and injustice, even if they do not make directly destructive choices, represent however the major pivot of that silent or explicit consent, used by an unjust social system to assert its consistency
L'approccio psicosociale ai conflitti
No full textIl conflitto generalmente indica una contrapposizione, fisica o simbolica, di una parte contro un’altra. Si parla anche di conflitto d'interessi quando gli scopi di due parti non possono essere raggiunti simultaneamente. Le due forme di opposizione sono associate, poiché la contesa sugli interessi sfocia spesso in un conflitto aperto. In questo capitolo analizzeremo in modo particolare i conflitti tra gruppi in relazione ai processi di categorizzazione sociale e di costruzione e decostruzione dell’immagine del nemico
Peace psychology: theory and practice
No full textPeace psychology is a cross-disciplinary subject which has only recently developed both its theoretical framework and methodological practice. Therefore, peace psychology is a new discipline, not only because of the novel contents of its thematic field (conflicts, peace, etc.), at least as far as its collective dimension is concerned, but also because of the distinctive novelty of the thinking framework on which it is based. In addition to the original nature of its thematic field, peace psychology proposes above all a new form of psychological practice which, similarly to nonviolence and active peacemaking, challenges the traditional frameworks of thought
Passive bystanders in front of violence and injustice: From inertia to change in social thinking
No full textThe complex issue of social justice will be discussed in this paper in a socio-constructionist perspective, with specific reference to the figure of "bystanders" and the passage from a condition of inertia to functions of pressure for social change. Bystanders, inert and passive onlookers of violence and injustice, even if they do not make directly destructive choices, represent however the major pivot of that silent or explicit consent, used by an unjust social system to assert its consistency
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Governance-technology co-evolution and misalignment in the electricity industry
No full textThis paper explores some reasons why the alignment between governance and technology in infrastructures may be unstable or not easy to achieve. Focusing on the electricity industry, we claim that the decentralization of governance – an essential step towards a decentralized technical coordination - may be hampered by if deregulation magnifies behavioural uncertainties and asset specificities; and that in a technically decentralized system, political demand for centralized coordination may arise if the players are able to collude and lobby, and if such practices lead to higher electricity rates and lower efficiency. Our claims are supported by insights coming from approaches as diverse as transaction cost economics, the competence-based view of the firm, and political economy
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