1,721,948 research outputs found
Dependência da Internet e isolamento social em estudantes portugueses do ensino básico [Internet addiction and social isolation among Portuguese students]
No full textA internet tornou se uma ferramenta essencial na vida moderna. Os adolescentes recorrem em primeira linha à internet com o objectivo de entrar em contacto com os outros (Pezoa-Jares et al., 2012). Não obstante, os benefícios do uso da internet, não se podem deixar de considerar os problemas associados ao seu uso em adolescentes, nomeadamente a dependência associada ao aumento dos níveis de isolamento, ao relacionamento virtual com os outros, e ao aumento da co-morbilidade ao nível da saúde mental (e.g. Depressão). O presente estudo tem como objectivo avaliar a dependência da internet em estudantes portugueses do ensino básico e a sua relação com o isolamento (social e emocional). Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, correlacional e transversal, com uma amostra de 400 estudantes do ensino básico, recolhidos por conveniência em escolas do concelho de Lisboa. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Questionario Sociodemografico (Patrão, Santos Rita & Pontes, 2013); Internet Addiction Test (Young, 1998; versão portuguesa Pontes & Patrão, 2013); The 6-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scales (De Jong Gierveld & Tilburg, 2006; tradução de Pontes, Patrao & Santos Rita, 2013). Os resultados indicam que há uma correlação positiva entre a dependência da internet e o isolamento no geral (R=0.247; p=0.004) e o isolamento social (R=0.273;p=0.002); o bullying (Rs=0.192;p=0.028) e o cyberbullying (R=0.295;p=0.001); e as alterações de comportamentos na sala (R=0.242;p=0.005)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Responsiveness and construct validity of the Depression, Anxiety, and Positive Outlook Scale (DAPOS)
No full textBackground: The Depression, Anxiety, and Positive Outlook Scale (DAPOS) was designed to measure mood in pain populations without contamination from somatic items.Aims: The current study examined responsiveness, internal consistency, and construct validity in pain patients.Method: A questionnaire survey before and after a multi-disciplinary rehabilitation intervention was completed by chronic pain patients, the majority of whom had back pain.Results: The DAPOS showed excellent internal consistency (N = 222, Cronbach alpha = 0.86 for the Depression subscale, 0.90 for the Anxiety subscale, and 0.74 for the Positive Outlook subscale) and construct validity (N = 82) in comparison with a variety of measures (SF-36; Pain Catastrophizing Scale; Zung Depression). Responsiveness was acceptable (ranging between 0.5 and 0.7, for both the mean change in score after treatment to the variability in patients at baseline, and the standardized response mean), although considerably lower than the Zung Depression Inventory. However, reanalysis without somatic items rendered the responsiveness of the Zung inadequate, indicating that change on this measure was due almost entirely to change in somatic symptoms without change in mood.Conclusions: Responsiveness of the DAPOS should be reassessed in treatment targeting mood change explicitly. The DAPOS scales show acceptable clinimetric and psychometric properties, and add a measurement of positive outlook to create a more balanced indication of mood in pain patients
Pain-related distress and clinical depression in chronic pain: A comparison between two measures
No full textBackground and purposeDepression is a frequent co-morbid diagnosis in chronic pain, and has been shown to predict poor outcome. Several reviews have described the difficulty in accurate and appropriate measurement of depression in pain patients, and have proposed a distinction between pain-related distress and clinical depression. Aims of the current study were to compare (a) the overlap and differential categorisation of pain patients as depressed, and (b) the relationship to disability between the Structured Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-Depression module) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D).MethodsSeventy-eight chronic back pain patients were administered the SCID-D, the HADS-D and the Pain Disability Index (PDI).ResultsSignificantly more patients were categorised with possible and probable depression by the HADS than the SCID-D. Results from Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis suggested that the HADS-D provided better discriminatory ability to detect disability, demonstrating a better balance between sensitivity and specificity compared to the SCID-D, although a direct comparison between the two measurements showed no difference.ConclusionsThe HADS-D is a reasonably accurate indicator of pain-related distress in chronic pain patients, and captures the link between disability and mood.ImplicationsIt is likely that the SCID-D is better suited to identifying sub-groups with more pronounced psychiatric disturbance.PerspectiveSeveral reviews have proposed a distinction between pain-related distress and clinical depression. This study compared the overlap and differential categorisation of pain patients as depressed and the relationship to disability between the Structured Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-D; Depression module) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D)
Depressed cognitions in chronic pain patients are focused on health: Evidence from a sentence completion task
No full textDepression is a common feature of chronic pain, but there is only limited research into the content of depressed cognitions in pain patients. This study investigated the content of cognition in depressed pain patients, non-depressed pain patients, and two control groups, healthy controls, and osteopaths using a sentence completion task. Participants generated completed sentences to a set of predefined stems that included negative, positive and neutral self-reference, and past, future and world terms. Complete responses were coded by valence (negative, positive and neutral) and health/non-health related content. As predicted depressed pain patients produced more negative sentence completions to all stems than all other groups. Depressed pain patients produced more health related completions than either of the control groups. Pain patients who were not depressed did not differ from the osteopath control group in the number of health related completions. When negativity was considered depressed pain patients produced proportionately more negative health-related completions than all other groups. We suggest that the focus of depression in chronic pain patients is health related. Pain patients who are not depressed focus on health, but not necessarily in a negative way. The concept of themselves in the future might be a key aspect in depression in pain patients. (C) 2006 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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