1,721,116 research outputs found
Safety and efficacy of incobotulinumtoxin A as a potential treatment for poststroke spasticity
Full text linkSpasticity is a common disabling symptom for several neurological conditions. Botulinum toxin type A injection represents the gold standard treatment for focal spasticity after stroke showing efficacy, reversibility, and low prevalence of complications. In recent years, incobotulinumtoxinA, a new Botulinum toxin type A free of complexing proteins, has been used for treating several movement disorders with safety and efficacy. IncobotulinumtoxinA is currently approved for treating spasticity of the upper limb in stroke survivors, even if several studies described the use also in lower limb muscles. In the present review article, we examine the safety and effectiveness of incobotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of spasticity after stroke
Benefits and Risks of Non-Approved Injection Regimens for Botulinum Toxins in Spasticity
No full textSpasticity with muscle paresis and loss of dexterity is a common feature of upper motor neuron syndrome due to injuries or the pyramidal tract in several neurological conditions. Botulinum toxin type A has been considered the gold standard treatment for spasticity and movement disorders, with efficacy, reversibility, and low prevalence of complications. During the last 30Â years, thousands of studies of its use have been performed, but few guidelines are available. Therefore, there is great variability in both the doses and intervals of administration and the approaches taken by clinicians with considerable experience in spasticity and movement disorder treatment. In the present review article, we provide a short overview of the benefits and risks of non-approved injection regimens and doses for botulinum toxins, focusing on the treatment of post-stroke spasticity, where there is great interest in the potential for increasing the number of treatment/years and the dose of botulinum toxin treatment for subjects with upper and lower limb spasticity. However, many doubts exist regarding antibody development and possible adverse effects
Effect of electrical stimulation as an adjunct to botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of adult spasticity: a systematic review
No full textTo investigate whether electrical stimulation (ES) as an adjunct to BTX-A boosts botulinum activity and whether the combined therapeutic procedure is more effective than BTX-A alone in reducing spasticity in adult subjects
Current and emerging treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
No full textStefano Zoccolella1, Andrea Santamato2, Paolo Lamberti31Azienda Ospedaliero-UniversitariaOspedali Riuniti, Department of Medical and Neurological Sciences, Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, University of Foggia, Italy; 2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Foggia, OORR, Italy; 3Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Bari, ItalyBackground: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a relatively rare neurodegenerative disorder of both upper and lower motoneurons. Currently, the management of ALS is essentially symptoms-based, and riluzole, an antiglutamatergic agent, is the only drug for the treatment of ALS approved by the food and drug administration.Objective: We reviewed current literature concerning emerging treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Methods: A Medline literature search was performed to identify all studies on ALS treatment published from January 1st, 1986 through August 31st, 2009. We selected papers concerning only disease-modifying therapy.Results: Forty-eight compounds were identified and reviewed in this study.Conclusions: Riluzole is the only compound that demonstrated a beneficial effect on ALS patients, but with only modest increase in survival. Although several drugs showed effective results in the animal models for ALS, none of them significantly prolonged survival or improved quality of life of ALS patients. Several factors have been implicated in explaining the predominantly negative results of numerous randomized clinical trials in ALS, including methodological problems in the use of animal-drug screening, the lack of assessment of pharmacokinetic profile of the drugs, and methodological pitfalls of clinical trials in ALS patients.Keywords: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, therapy, drug, surviva
Effect of botulinum toxin type A andmodified constraint-induced movement therapy on motor function of upper limb inchildren with obstetrical brachial plexus palsy
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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