130,913 research outputs found
Falsifiability
No full textWe examine the fundamental concept of Popper’s falsifiability within an economic model in which a tester hires a potential expert to produce a theory. Payments are made contingent on the performance of the theory vis-a-vis future realizations of the data. We show that if experts are strategic, then falsifiability has no power to distinguish legitimate scientific theories from worthless theories. We also show that even if experts are strategic there are alternative criteria that can distinguish legitimate from worthless theories.Testing Strategic Experts
System for generating pressure waves for deep seismic survey in underwater environment for use in search of hydrocarbon and mineral, has autonomous underwater vehicles that is capable of navigating both underwater and on surface
No full textAbstract: NOVELTY - The device has several autonomous underwater vehicles organized in swarms. The vehicle has onboard and seismic sources (D) and is capable of navigating both underwater and on surface.
USE - System for generating pressure waves for deep seismic survey in underwater environment for use in search of hydrocarbon and mineral.
ADVANTAGE - Since the autonomous underwater vehicles is capable of navigating both underwater and on surface, the presence of surface ice and surged sea does not prevent the normal navigation of sea vessel. The resonance effect by constructive interference due to the bubble coalescence is minimized.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:
(1) device for generating pressure waves for deep seismic survey in underwater environment; and
(2) method for generating pressure waves for deep seismic survey in underwater environment
Manipulability of Future-Independent Tests
No full textThe difficulties in properly anticipating key economic variables may encourage decision makers to rely on experts’ forecasts. Professional forecasters, however, may not be reliable and so their forecasts must be empirically tested. This may induce experts to forecast strategically in order to pass the test. A test can be ignorantly passed if a false expert, with no knowledge of the data generating process, can pass the test. Many tests that are unlikely to reject correct forecasts can be ignorantly passed. Tests that cannot be ignorantly passed do exist, but these tests must make use of predictions contingent on data not yet observed at the time the forecasts are rejected. Such tests cannot be run if forecasters report only the probability of the next period’s events on the basis of the actually observed data. This result shows that it is difficult to dismiss false, but strategic, experts who know how theories are tested. This result also shows an important role that can be played by predictions contingent on data not yet observed.Testing Strategic Experts
Temperature control after cardiac arrest
No full textMost of the patients who die after cardiac arrest do so because of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI). Experimental evidence shows that temperature control targeted at hypothermia mitigates HIBI. In 2002, one randomized trial and one quasi-randomized trial showed that temperature control targeted at 32–34 °C improved neurological outcome and mortality in patients who are comatose after cardiac arrest. However, following the publication of these trials, other studies have questioned the neuroprotective effects of hypothermia. In 2021, the largest study conducted so far on temperature control (the TTM-2 trial) including 1900 adults comatose after resuscitation showed no effect of temperature control targeted at 33 °C compared with normothermia or fever control. A systematic review of 32 trials published between 2001 and 2021 concluded that temperature control with a target of 32–34 °C compared with fever prevention did not result in an improvement in survival (RR 1.08; 95% CI 0.89–1.30) or favorable functional outcome (RR 1.21; 95% CI 0.91–1.61) at 90–180 days after resuscitation. There was substantial heterogeneity across the trials, and the certainty of the evidence was low. Based on these results, the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation currently recommends monitoring core temperature and actively preventing fever (37.7 °C) for at least 72 h in patients who are comatose after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Future studies are needed to identify potential patient subgroups who may benefit from temperature control aimed at hypothermia. There are no trials comparing normothermia or fever control with no temperature control after cardiac arrest
Amphibole-bearing metamorphic clasts in ANDRILL AND-2A core: A provenance tool to unravel the Miocene Glacial history in the Ross Embayment (western Ross Sea, Antarctica)
No full textA petrological investigation of amphibolebearing metamorphic clasts in the ANDRILL AND-2A core allows a detailed comparison with similar lithologies from potential source regions, leading to the identifi cation of three distinct provenance areas in the present-day segment of the Transantarctic Mountains between the Byrd Glacier and the Blue Glacier (Mulock-Skelton glacier area, the Britannia Range, and the Koettlitz-Blue glacier area in the Royal Society Range). A key role in the comparison is played by the wide range of Ca-amphibole compositions, type of intracrystalline zoning, mineral assemblages, and fabrics, which refl ect different bulk rocks and metamorphic conditions. Ca-amphibole compositions and zonations also offer the opportunity for the application of geothermobarometry methods, which, consistent with literature data, provide further evidence that the three provenance regions correspond to distinct metamorphic terrains with pervasive medium-pressure amphibolitegrade conditions restricted to the Britannia Range. The study contributes new insights into the depositional processes in a variety of glacial environments ranging from open marine with icebergs to distal, proximal, and subglacial settings. The results also highlight the record of two distinct glacial scenarios refl ecting either short-range (<100 km) fl uctuations of paleoglaciers in the Royal Society Range with dominant fl ows from W to E, or larger volume of ice sourced from southernmore outlet glaciers from the Skelton-Byrd glacier area with fl ow lines running N-S close to the Transantarctic Mountains front. Both scenarios demonstrate the importance of the AND-2A core to reveal a hitherto unavailable, near-fi eld record of dynamic paleoenvironmental history through the Miocene. © 2011 Geological Society of America
Trauma-induced coagulopathy
No full textTrauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) is a clotting disorder resulting from severe tissue damage combined with haemorrhagic shock, resulting in an inability to form and maintain clots leading to excessive bleeding and worsening shock and spiralling into a vicious cycle. TIC is characterized by a shift from a hypocoagulable to a hypercoagulable profile, with a consequent increased risk of thromboembolic events and organ dysfunction. In patients with TIC, platelets are dysfunctional in their adhesion and aggregation capabilities, and platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs) form during coagulation. A better understanding of the complex and time-dynamic pathophysiology of TIC may help reduce potentially preventable deaths due to trauma-induced shock
Losses of terbuthylazine and alachlor from agricultural fields - Part I: Volatilization processes
No full textLosses of terbuthylazine and alachlor from agricultural fields - Part II: Mass balance and modeling
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