1,671 research outputs found
Introduzione
No full textPer molti decenni, sotto l’influenza degli studi pionieristici di Laslett, l’attenzione degli studiosi si è concentrata soprattutto su aspetti più strettamente riguardanti le strutture delle famiglie e le modalità di coabitazione. Se da una parte si è fornita una base per interpretare più ampie trasformazioni sociali e demografiche avvenute tra età moderna e contemporanea, dall’altra si è forse perso di vista il più articolato sistema di relazioni tra famiglia, individui e contesto socio-economico. In questi termini, un approccio interdisciplinare allo studio della famiglia nel passato risulta auspicabile e necessario. Gli interventi raccolti in questo volume indagano l’evoluzione della famiglia esplorando non solo le aree d’indagine tipiche della ricerca storico-demografica, ma ne estendono ulteriormente il campo di indagine ad altre possibili accezioni di famiglia. In questa breve introduzione presentiamo gli interventi raccolti ripercorrendone il filo conduttore
I living arrangements delle seconde generazioni di immigrati europei negli Stati Uniti all'inizio del XX secolo
No full textAlthough theory underlines that immigrants usually tend to acquire the behaviors and norms of the receiving countries quickly, some researches have focused on how individual characteristics and the values and norms of the origin area determine different paths of this process. Moreover, the speed of the assimilation of the new social norms is usually interpreted as a clear indicator of immigrant integration into host societies. At the same time, literature has markedly underlined the role of strong or weak family ties in modelling the transition to adulthood especially when leaving or remaining longer in the parental home is taken into consideration. This study intends to use the 1910, 1920, and 1930 IPUMS census samples to analyze how the country of origin linked to different contextual factors affects the age of still leaving in the parental home among European second generations immigrants in the United States by comparing them with other immigrant groups. Results suggest that children of immigrants tend to live longer with their parents and thus to delay family formation compared to US white population. However, relevant differences emerge between different countries suggesting the potential effect of cultural maintenance among children of European second generations
Customers’ Perception of Fish Fast-Casual Restaurants
No full textThe objective of the research is to explore Italian customers’ perceptions of fish and seafood fast-casual foodservice restaurants, so to identify expected food, environmental, and organizational attributes’ importance. The sample includes 600 fish and seafood customers interviewed face to face. Data elaboration included an exploratory factor analysis on fast-casual food and restaurant attributes, followed by chi-square and ANOVA to profile customers’ perception towards the level of importance of the factors. Hygiene, personnel, and sensorial attributes are the three most important factors for all groups of
customers. Gender and age are the most differentiating socioeconomic characteristics. This study is a pioneering research on a restaurant format expanding in European countries and validated an attribute assessment scale for fast-casual restaurants.
Results suggest the following managerial implications useful to define investment strategies: guaranteeing high hygiene standards, investing on personnel quality, offering tasty and good food, and targeting strategies focused on customers’ lifestyle
Health-Orientation and Socio-Demographic Characteristics as Determinants of Fish Consumption
No full textThere are many research on consumer perception of fish product attributes. To increase fish consumption, as recommended by international health organizations and dietary guidelines, there is a need to better understand what drives consumers to fish consumption behaviour. The objective of the research is to explore determinants of fish frequency consumption, with focus on healthy attitude and socio-demographic or family structure characteristics. The research interviewed 740 consumers face-to-face. Data elaboration includes a factor analysis, with PCA and Varimax rotation, and multiple multivariate linear regressions. Results show that consumer health-orientation and social influences are better drivers to increase fish consumption frequency, compared to socio-economic characteristics, including households with children. Easing consumer time constraints and fish purchasing favor convenience and at home fish consumption frequency. Given the health advantages of higher fish consumption, government initiatives should support fish food industry marketing strategies
Neonatal mortality, cold weather, and socioeconomic status in two northern Italian rural parishes, 1820–1900
No full textBackground: Cold-related conditions represent one of the most common causes of neonatal death in many developing countries. The effects of cold external temperatures on neonatal mortality at the onset of demographic transition recently have attracted scholarly interest.
Objective: First, we aim to study the effects of cold temperatures on neonatal mortality at the onset of demographic transition, focusing on two Italian rural parishes between 1820 and 1900. Second, we aim to assess whether the effects vary according to socioeconomic status (SES), especially among the most vulnerable social groups.
Methods: We apply logistic regression and discrete-time event history analysis using micro-data from parish registers and daily records of external temperature.
Results: The risk of death during the first month of life varied according to external temperature’s variation and to socioeconomic status, demonstrating that neonates born to landless rural labourers generally suffered a higher neonatal mortality risk during winter and, more specifically; in case of low temperature at the childbirth during coldest months.
Conclusions: The risk of neonatal death increased as external temperatures decreased. The clear influence of temperature on the day of birth suggests that low temperatures on the day of birth exerted a fundamental scarring effect on children’s survival. We also find significant differences in neonatal mortality by SES, resulting in more pronounced effects from season and temperature in rural proletarian families. The results show that during the second half of the 19th century characterised by intense socioeconomic transformations, rural proletarians experienced a clear worsening of living conditions
La famiglia tra mutamenti demografici e sociali
No full textPer molti decenni, sotto l'influenza degli studi pionieristici di Laslett, l'attenzione degli studiosi della famiglia si è concentrata soprattutto sugli aspetti più strettamente legati alle strutture familiari e alle modalità di coabitazione. Se da una parte si è fornita una base per interpretare le più ampie trasformazioni sociali e demografiche avvenute tra età moderna e contemporanea, dall'altra, si è forse perso di vista il più articolato sistema di relazioni tra famiglia, individui e contesto socioeconomico. A seguito del cambiamento nell’approccio allo studio storico-demografico della famiglia, passato dall’analisi statica delle classificazioni strutturali all’esame dinamico e longitudinale dei gruppi familiari, l’interesse si è focalizzato sulle nuove tematiche relative al ruolo della famiglia all’interno dei processi e dei meccanismi demografici, richiedendo una molteplice prospettiva disciplinare.
Gli interventi raccolti in questo volume testimoniano la multidisciplinarietà del nuovo approccio allo studio della famiglia, esplorando non solo le aree d'indagine tipiche della ricerca storico-demografica, ma estendendo ulteriormente il campo di indagine ad altre possibili accezioni di famiglia
Does socioeconomic status matter? The fertility transition in a northern Italian village (marriage cohorts 1900‒1940)
No full textBackground: The paper explores the mechanisms of the European fertility transition in northern Italy by social group. Objective: Our objective is to understand when and in which sectors of a rural society the reduction of family size began. We focus on Emilia-Romagna, a region that in the 1990s had the lowest fertility level in Italy. The core purpose of this paper is the analysis of socioeconomic status (SES) fertility differentials, especially between rural sharecroppers and landless rural workers, as well as other non-agricultural groups. Methods: Our analysis focuses on the reproductive histories of marriage cohorts in the years 1900‒1940. We perform a micro-level statistical analysis of legitimate births of parity 1+. Results: In this period fertility decline has just begun, and shows a strong decline in the post-WWI marriage cohorts. Although nonagricultural groups lead the downward trend in family size, the role of socioeconomic status means that the path of sharecropper households is atypical. Conclusions: The fertility transition proceeds by means of spacing and stopping, testifying to a new attitude towards birth control, which agricultural and nonagricultural social groups adopted in different ways. Usually, the decline in fertility progresses from nonagricultural to rural classes. In the rural world the path is inverted, going from the lower to the upper groups. Contribution: The paper contributes to the debate on the links between socioeconomic status and fertility transition in Italy. It shows that the link between household economy and control of fertility is specific to SES groups, which can follow atypical paths, compared to the known reference model. The use of microdemographic data provides evidence for the hypothesis that the fertility transition can be shaped by the specific social and economic characteristics of population subgroups
Data on the potential of nutrition-information apps from a consumer behaviour perspective
No full textThis paper presents data on the influence of the use of a nutrition-information app (Edo) on healthy eating. The methodology adopted included a baseline (t0) and a follow-up online questionnaire (t1). The first survey was sent to 7000 consumers who had already downloaded the app. This survey collected data on users’ perceived healthiness of their own diet, food purchasing habits, sociodemographic information, concern for appearance, perception of the Health Belief Model constructs, and objective and perceived healthy food knowledge. The follow-up survey (t1) was sent to the respondents who had used the app for 12 weeks. It collected data on app satisfaction, recommended additional app features, consumers’ perception on the Health Belief Model constructs, and consumers’ objective and perceived healthy food knowledge. Data elaboration included two factor analyses elaboration, one for t0 data and one for t1 data. The aim was the identification of constructs as latent factors of the data. The value of each construct was calculated and compared between t0 and t1. The data presented in this article can help the replication of studies about similar apps and enhance the cooperation among app developers, consumer behaviour scientists, nutritionists and marketing experts for apps development. For conclusion and interpretation of data, the original article can be consulted (DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108766)
The determinants of marriage and cohabitation in Europe
No full textAccording to the theory of ideational shifts [Preston 1986], the growing spread of new forms of life as a couple may be attributed to the increase in individual autonomy in the ethical, religious and political field, i.e. to changes in the scale of subjective values. The cultural dimension influences the acceptance and experimentation of the different forms of union in a different way for the man and for the woman. The importance at the explanatory phase of taking account of ideational factors in addition to economic ones has been discussed in depth and demonstrated in the case of certain countries of central Europe by Lesthaeghe and Moors [1996]. And it is the framework of Lesthaeghe and Moors which we take as our starting point in this study, for the analysis from a gender perspective of the role played by value orientations in the choice of the various forms of life as a couple, marriage and cohabitation, in certain areas of Europe. In particular, cohabitation will be taken as representing that type of partnership which, at least theoretically, is associated with a reduction in gender differences: indeed, the absence of pre-established roles for the partners should render the relationship within the couple more egalitarian and free. Moreover, in consideration of the fact that the various European countries exhibit a distribution of types of union which is extremely differentiated [Kiernan 2000], we wish to assess whether there is any corresponding existence of similarly differentiated ideational factors; indeed, we cannot necessarily assume that the same value orientations lead to similar patterns of behaviour [Lesthaeghe 1998]
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