1,721,031 research outputs found
Il turismo come leva per il finanziamento delle politiche di welfare: un’opportunità per ridurre le distanze?
No full textObiettivo del presente lavoro di ricerca è quello di individuare le condizioni grazie alle quali le attività turistiche possono costituire una valida leva a disposizione dei policy makers locali per implementare politiche di welfare che altrimenti risulterebbero troppo onerose, migliorando al contempo la sostenibilità sociale e la competitività economica del territorio. Si dimostra come il collegamento tra sviluppo, turismo e welfare richieda di ripensare, o quanto meno di definire, il concetto di smartness, al fine di abilitare i meccanismi classici che regolano la logica economica quali categorie analitiche utili a rappresentare le dinamiche socio-economiche e territoriali attivate. Una volta delineato un contesto di riferimento appropriato, la teoria economica possiede tutti gli strumenti per identificare il collegamento tra attività produttive, welfare e sviluppo umano nell’ambito di un’economia di mercato, a condizione di aggiungere ulteriori livelli di complessità al classico modello di domanda ed offerta. Il modello elaborato implica in ogni caso un governo pubblico delle relazioni economiche finalizzato alla conservazione di quelle caratteristiche, spesso latenti e non sempre verificate, grazie alle quali il turismo può costituire una leva per promuovere lo sviluppo sostenibile.The aim of this work is to identify under which conditions tourism becomes a tool available to policy makers to enhance the implementation of welfare policies that otherwise might result too expensive, improving, at the same time, the social sustainability and the economic competitiveness of the territory. The existence of a link among tourism, welfare and development requires to rethink, or redefine, the concept of smartness, in order to enable the economic theory to model the underlying socioeconomic and territorial dynamics. In a well-defined scenario, the latter is indeed able to represent the connections among productive activities, welfare measures and human development within a market framework, at the cost of adding some degree of complexity to the standard supply and demand model. The proposed approach implies, anyway, a public intervention aimed at achieving and preserving those market and non-market characteristics that make of tourism a valid support to foster sustainable development
Implementing the SDGs in local contexts: overcoming methodological boundaries
Get PDFThe research suggests how the full potential of the enterprises and organizations of the Social and Solidarity Economy in promoting sustainable development may be better understood by representing cultural, social, economic, and environmental issues within an integrated analytical framework. On these premises, an extended version of Coraggio’s scheme (2015) is obtained by adding a fourth sector of economic activity, namely the global economy, as opposed to the popular economy. Looking at Coraggio’s integrated scheme, an additional institutional space related to the social and solidarity economy emerges, representing the field of digital solidarity and cooperation. Then, the research helps to clarify what a local context is and how it relates to the notion of place. Finally, the notion of place is contrasted with the notion of system, as the attractiveness of the former depends on its distinctive features, while the latter emphasizes the instrumental value of its elements
Resilienza, innovazione e crescita: un modello teorico
No full textL’implementazione dell’Agenda 2030 implica l’attivazione di un processo di resilienza trasformativa come condizione necessaria ma non sufficiente a sostenere lo sviluppo sostenibile dei territori. In mancanza di capacità di resilienza, i processi di innovazione possono determinare, come effetto collaterale indesiderato, un aumento delle disuguaglianze e dei conflitti nel breve periodo, nonchè la maturazione di forme di path dependency nel lungo periodo che potrebbero mettere a rischio la sostenibilità delle scelte di sviluppo effettuate. D’altra parte, in assenza di capacità di innovazione, le forme di resilienza potrebbero favorire uno scambio iniquo tra obiettivi di breve e di lungo periodo, creando nuove vulnerabilità ed alimentando retroazioni negative a detrimento dello sviluppo. Sulla base di tali premesse, il collegamento tra gli Obiettivi di sviluppo sostenibile (SDGs) e l’economia sociale e solidale (ESS) sembra essere in grado di promuovere l’adozione di approcci sinergici ed integrati in grado di connettere le dinamiche globali e le dinamiche locali a beneficio di uno sviluppo socio-economico-territoriale sostenibile. A sostegno del quadro di riferimento logico delineato, la ricerca presenta un modello macroeconomico di crescita con progresso tecnologico endogeno opportunamente modificato per tener conto del ruolo dell’ESS nell’ambito di un processo di crescita economica orientato al perseguimento degli Obiettivi di sviluppo sostenibile
Reduction of multidimensional inequalities
Get PDFReducing multidimensional inequalities is one of today’s greatest social challenges. In the absence of consideration for collective and common interests, poverty, discrimination, reduced social protection, unequal growth, global crises, and the capture of political power by elites can reinforce the trend towards increasing and persistent multidimensional inequalities. To counter this process, the public sector should be empowered to fully exercise its redistributive function, but binding constraints on public finances, authoritarianism, corruption, and the
existence of unobservable needs may reduce the effectiveness of public action, or even trigger non-linear dynamics (that is, situations in which public policies may increase, rather than mitigate, inequalities). Similarly, the market should be able to reabsorb the long-term unemployed, those undergoing precarious forms of employment, and informal workers; however, the existence of a “secondary labor market” seems necessary for the “primary labor market” to function properly (Frere 2013). Consequently, despite the commitment of many countries across the international community to reduce multidimensional inequalities, these are increasing worldwide at all levels, especially in the economic and social sphere
A Multidimensional Analysis of the Municipalities of the Italian Small Islands
Get PDFThe Italian small islands are characterized by high social and territorial distances from the mainland; however, on average, they do not seem affected by depopulation processes that,
instead, characterize many other peripheral areas. On the other hand, the multifaceted nature and the tiny size of the Italian small islands call for political actions along multiple dimensions and pose unusual epistemological challenges. Against this background, a research gap is identified in the lack of a multidimensional analysis of the Italian small islands encompassing at least the main dimensions of local development. To narrow the gap, the research illustrates a multidimensional analysis based on the development of a composite index measuring the consistency of the territorial capital of the 33 insular municipalities located in the Italian small islands. The results suggest how the extreme heterogeneity of the insular municipalities and their social and economic vulnerabilities may negatively affect the digital transformation and the ecological transition of the Italian small islands. Consequently, the effectiveness of public policies may depend on the ability of policymakers to develop a transdisciplinary cognitive map of the local contexts and to codesign, with all local and external stakeholders, policies aimed at leaving (and keeping) no one behind
Sustainability and Urban Dimension: Main Concerns about Territorial Planning and Management in European Union
No full textAs the principal point of this article we present main issues from economic theory and from regulation activity regarding the territorial management and organization at the urban scale. The aim is not to provide clear solutions, but is more to put in the light of the day how, in spite of the changes between periods in which territorial planning prevails and periods in which a market--based approach is dominant, the territorial spatial organization requests indeed a mixed use of both regulative and theoretical perspective. In fact, they do not necessarily have to provide conflicting recommendations: probably the issues that can positively influence the economic and social activities relevant at the level of the urban dimension are actually those that should belong to both of them. The dominance of one approach over the other might also give positive results in the short term, but in the medium and long period is not sustainable
Social (de)stratification in Europe. an empirical analysis of 22 welfare systems
No full textEU national governments and the EU itself are committed to improving the effectiveness of social protection systems to promote the spread of ‘horizontal’ relationships between individuals and remove inequalities that prevent people from fully participating in political, economic, and social life. We evaluate this process by examining the performance of social protection systems in 22 European countries, focusing on the phenomenon of social stratification over the period 2007-2017. For this purpose, we refer to both a multidimensional performance index and principal component analysis. The empirical evidence suggests that the financial crisis of 2007 and the Great Recession that started after 2011 changed (in many ways downsized) the objectives of social protection systems, contributing only partially to the destratification of the population of European states over the period covered
A Multi-stakeholder Framework to Facilitate Policy Making in the Use of BES Data: A Focus on Health in South Tyrol
No full textWe present a statistical analysis aimed at investigating the quality of the health domain of BES in South Tyrol. After having summarized the academic debate on the distinction between objective and subjective indicators and on the use of subjective measures in policy making, we illustrate the rationale behind the approach adopted to interpret the available data. We observe how the heterogeneity of the stakeholders influences the way in which information is turned into policy action and the conflicts of interests that might arise must be resolved. Therefore we merge the information collected in a harmonized policy framework and we use it to identify the most critical issues regarding the improvement of health conditions in South Tyrol. Due to the high level of standardization, the exercise can be replicated for other BES domains and territories, promoting a more effective use of well-being data within policy making in Italy
Mixing culture, food and wine, and rural development to cope with the COVID-19-related crisis of the tourism industry in Italy
No full textWhile being relatively protected from the direct costs of the COVID-19 pandemic measured in terms of human losses, in Italy, rural and natural areas have been instead severely hit by the negative impacts of the subsequent socioeconomic crisis. In this scenario, food and wine local tourism could be a key driver in supporting Italian rural territories, during and after the pandemic outbreak, as culinary traditions are an important part of the territorial identity, and also a vehicle for experiencing natural and cultural amenities. Based on a data collection that highlights the main characteristics of a sample of small municipalities located in natural and rural areas of Southern Latium, an evaluative exercise was implemented to identify opportunities and limits for developing a culturally sustainable local tourism offer based on a mix of culture, food and wine, rural, and natural amenities. The evaluative exercise was based on the analysis of ten elementary indexes aggregated in two composite indexes measuring tourism attractiveness and territorial development. The results of this study may contribute to reinterpreting local excursions toward regional peripheries as enhancers of the culturally sustainable development of rural and natural areas
Overcoming urban-rural imbalances: the role of cooperatives and social enterprises
Get PDFThe paper introduces a theoretical model to show how in a spatial framework characterized by urban-rural imbalances, the production of goods and services decreases moving from urban to rural areas. Specifically in rural and peripheral areas, the market and the public sector might supply an insufficient level of goods and services due to higher distance costs and lack of financial resources. Cooperatives and nonprofit organizations, i.e. social enterprises, are able to overcome distance costs and therefore spatial inequalities, by developing a productive and distributive function in marginalized areas, ensuring a fair and equal treatment among residents.
Moreover, cooperatives and nonprofit organizations endorse the inclusiveness of the labor market, and raise peoples’ intrinsic motivation
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