1,720,982 research outputs found
Impact of Italian smoking ban on business activity of restaurants, cafés and bars
No full textWe estimate the economic impact of the Italian smoking ban of 2005 on the catering sector using a quasi-experimental design. Our study indicates that the Italian smoking ban had a slight negative impact on sales of cafés and restaurants but had no effect on profits, earnings, or employment. © 2013 Elsevier B.V
Economic Evaluation of the effect of Quitting Smoking on Weight Gains: Evidence from the United Kingdom
No full textObjective This article estimated the causal effect of quitting smoking on body weight gains in the United Kingdom to evaluate whether savings in health costs deriving from smoking prevention and its related diseases are greater than the costs associated with increased obesity. Methods We used a longitudinal data set extracted from two waves (2004-2006) of the British Household Panel Survey, which includes information on smoking and a large number of sociodemographic variables. We modeled the effect of quitting smoking on body weight accounting for heterogeneous responses from individuals belonging to different clinical classes of body mass index (BMI) (i.e., overweight and obese individuals). National Health Service costs associated with smoking were then used to implement a cost-benefit analysis, comparing the advantages of smoking reductions with the costs associated with increased obesity. Results The BMI was found to increase by 0.26 points for quitters compared with those who continued to smoke. The estimated BMI increase was larger for overweight (0.49 points) and obese (0.76 points) people. This result does not change when different control groups are examined. From an economic perspective, the National Health Service cost reductions attributable to quitting smoking were £156.81 million whereas the lost benefit for unintended increases in body weight was £24.07 million. Conclusions This article found that the health benefits associated with quitting smoking are greater than the costs associated with increased overweight and obesity
Further Evidence on the Effect of Clean Indoor Air Laws on Smoking: The Italian Case
No full textThe evidence about the effectiveness of anti-smoking legislation on smoking behavior is mixed. We provide new estimates for Italy using unexplored data drawn from the Household Budget Survey. We show that the smoking ban introduced in 2005 has a significant effect on smoking incidence. According to our baseline specification, the ban reduces household-based smoking prevalence by 1.3 percentage points. Results are robust to the various empirical strategies proposed in the literature, even accounting for seasonality
Cointegrazione dinamica tra serie storiche economiche
No full textIl presente lavoro si propone di analizzare la relazione di cointegrazione tra serie storiche integrate nel caso in cui sia rilassata l’ipotesi, implicita nell’impostazione tradizionale, che il coefficiente di cointegrazione sia costante. Dati due processi cointegrati, la variabilit`a del coefficiente di cointegrazione permette di considerare comportamenti non lineari nella risposta di un processo a variazioni dell’altro, causate da shocks destabilizzanti la relazione di equilibrio di lungo periodo. In tale contesto `e di primaria importanza la ricostruzione della dinamica del coefficiente di cointegrazione che in questo lavoro viene condotta utilizzando una tecnica grafica nota come recurrence plots in grado di evidenziare la presenza di forze-guida deboli all’interno di sistemi dinamici, deterministici o stocastici. Tale impostazione che prevede come caso particolare la cointegrazione lineare (Engle e Granger, 1987) viene applicata a serie simulate
Multidimensional Poverty across Europe
No full textIncome poverty is commonly encountered in developing and developed countries, but in the latter case the incidence rate is lower. Beyond income, the health dimension is recalling the attention of a wide number of studies about poverty. With the aim of more richer description of poverty in Europe, we adopt a multimensional approach, considering as measure of well-being not only income but also health. Using the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve ROC approach, we will examine the the correlation between income and health, to understand if a multidimensional approach is really useful to describe better the phenomenon and we will compute some indexes of multidimensional poverty
Il grado di apertura internazionale delle regioni Abruzzo, Piemonte e Veneto
No full textIl volume mette a disposizione delle P.A. regionali uno strumento ragionato sul ruolo de assumere di fronte alle dinamiche di globalizzazione. A partire dalle politiche adottate nell'ambito della programmazione 2007-2013 da alcune regioni, ci si occupa del grado di internazionalizzazione delle imprese, delle nuove competenze richieste, della formazione del capitale umano, delle infrastrutture, dei flussi migratori e dell'imprescindibile ruolo di regia che la pubblica amministrazione riveste
Understanding labour productivity in maternity wards
Full text linkThis paper provides a causal estimate of labour productivity in maternity wards. We consider an Italian law that defines the staffing requirements of hospital maternity units according to the annual number of births. We exploit the discontinuities in the availability of medical staff caused by thresholds in the law to define both instrumental variables and a regression discontinuity framework that allows us to estimate the causal effect of different teams of professionals on the mode of delivery and on the health status of newborns and mothers at delivery. The analysis is based on detailed patient-level data on births in an Italian region. We find that maternity units with annual births above the thresholds are more likely to have a ’full team’ of professionals at delivery. We find that having a full team has no effect on the mode of delivery (caesarean section vs vaginal birth). However, the presence of a full team has a significant impact on health outcomes. We find an improvement in both neonatal and maternal outcomes associated with a more intensive use of medical interventions, suggesting that larger hospitals are better than smaller units at managing deliveries with appropriate treatments to avoid complications. In addition, we do not find substantial heterogeneous effects across days of the week, time of day, or nationality of mothers
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