1,721,229 research outputs found
Narcolepsy: a model interaction between immune system, nervous system and sleep-wake regulation
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Corrigendum to “Major Histocompability Complex- Independent Recognition of a Distinctive Pollen Antigen, Most likely a Carbohydrate, by Human CD8+ T Cells. “
No full textA flavonoid sulfate antigen activates human alphabeta CD8+ Th2 lymphocytes in pollen allergy
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Major Histocompatibility Complex–independent Recognition of a Distinctive Pollen Antigen, Most Likely a Carbohydrate, by Human CD8+ a/b T Cells
No full textWe have isolated CD8
1a/b T cells from the blood of atopic and healthy individuals which
recognize a nonpeptide antigen present in an allergenic extract from Parietaria judaica pollen.
This antigen appears to be a carbohydrate because it is resistant to proteinase K and alkaline digestion,
is hydrophilic, and is sensitive to trifluoromethane-sulphonic and periodic acids. In addition,
on a reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography column the antigen recognized
by CD8
1 T cells separates in a fraction which contains
.80% hexoses (glucose and
galactose) and undetectable amounts of proteins. Presentation of this putative carbohydrate antigen
(PjCHOAg) to CD8
1 T cell clones is dependent on live antigen presenting cells (APCs)
pulsed for
.1 h at 37
8C, suggesting that the antigen has to be internalized and possibly processed.
Indeed, fixed APCs or APCs pulsed at 15
8C were both unable to induce T cell response.
Remarkably, PjCHOAg presentation is independent of the expression of classical major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules or CD1. CD8
1 T cells stimulated by PjCHOAgpulsed
APCs undergo a sustained [Ca2
1]i increase and downregulate their T cell antigen receptors
(TCRs) in an antigen dose– and time-dependent fashion, similar to T cells stimulated by
conventional ligands. Analysis of TCR V
b transcripts shows that six independent PjCHOAgspecific
T cell clones carry the V
b8 segment with a conserved motif in the CDR3 region, indicating
a structural requirement for recognition of this antigen. Finally, after activation, the
CD8
1 clones from the atopic patient express CD40L and produce high levels of interleukins 4
and 5, suggesting that the clones may have undergone a Th2-like polarization in vivo. These
results reveal a new class of antigens which triggers T cells in an MHC-independent way, and
these antigens appear to be carbohydrates. We suggest that this type of antigen may play a role
in the immune response in vivo
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
TGF-beta enhances the immunostimulatory capacity of dendritic cells activated via CD40-CD40ligand interaction
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