1,721,207 research outputs found
Equid milk for human consumption
No full textCows’ milk allergy is an increasing problem in human infancy and clinical studies show interesting
results on equid (horse and donkey) milk tolerability. Donkey milk is also considered useful in the
prevention of atherosclerosis and has the ability to upregulate the immune response of healthy elderly
humans. The mammary gland capacity in equids is low and milking technique and routine are of utmost
importance. Details on milk proteins, fat fractions, minerals, and vitamins are discussed here with regard
to milk nutritional value and tolerability; the hypolipid content must be balanced in the consumer’s diet.
The presence of bioactive and functional components in raw horse and donkey milk is also reviewed.
Equid milk and milk derivatives could become valuable foods for elderly consumers; equid milk could be
considered for probiotic beverage production, as health-promoting properties are claimed for koumiss
or airag
Environmental impacts of a dairy cheese chain including whey feeding: an Italian case study.
No full textThe dairy industry is associated with the production of wastewaters and effluents that could have a
significant environmental impact because of their pollutant characteristics. Cheese whey is an important
source of pollution that needs an appropriate treatment because of several environmental burdens.
Thanks to its nutritional value, liquid whey can be successfully recycled in animal nutrition. Following
the LCA methodology, this study aims to contribute to the literature on the environmental sustainability
of cheese production in a traditional dairy chain, based on an Italian case study and on liquid whey usage. The environmental assessment considers both the milk and the mozzarella cheese production. Three dairy chains and cow diets were assessed and compared: the A diet, with traditional feeding hay and no liquid whey; the B diet, with silages but no liquid whey; the C diet, including both silages and liquid whey. A physical allocation method was used to share the environmental burden between milk and meat at farm level, while the environmental burden of the mozzarella cheese production was totally allocated to curd. A sensitivity analysis based on the cereal unit allocation method was performed. A further sensitivity analysis was performed to compare what the effect would have been considering the variability of milk yield observed in the three diets. Results showed that raw milk production was the most impactful phase along the considered supply chain. Compared with other dairy chains, the C chain with liquid whey recycling did not result the lowest impacting solution at a global environmental perspective, showing best performances on some impacts, but not on others. However, sensitivity analysis testing for the observed yield variability showed that the C diet with whey usage could represent the best option among the different diets
Hygienic characteristics and microbiological hazard identification in horse and donkey raw milk
Full text linkToday the interest toward horse (Equus caballus) and donkey (Equus asinus) milk for human consumption is receiving a renewed attention because of its particular composition, hypoallergenicity, and nutraceutical properties. The realistic perspective of global use of this aliment in balanced diets, especially for infancy and geriatrics, poses the need for a more in depth knowledge on milk hygiene and on the health status of dairy animals, as a prerequisite of consumers' safety. The aim of this paper was to review the available literature on the health and hygiene parameters as well as on the potential microbiological hazards in horse and donkey milk and the risks related to their consumption. Both microbial contamination and somatic cell count are reasonably low in equine milk and also the presence of pathogens, like Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Brucella spp., Mycobacterium spp., Bacillus cereus, Cronobacter sakazakii, Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, Rhodococcus equi, Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, Clostridium difficile and Burkholderia mallei is low. However, in those regions of the world where the prevalence of Brucella spp. and Rhodococcus equi is high, the alimentary risks could increase. Similarly, in areas with higher incidence of immunocompromised people, the increased risks should be warned not only for pathogens but also for opportunistic microbiota
Equine Milk Production and Valorization of Marginal Areas - A Review
Full text linkThe equine dairy chain is renewing the interest toward horse and donkey breeding for the production of milk with potential health promoting properties. The dairy equine chain for human consumption could contribute to the rural eco-sustainable development for the micro-economies of those areas threatened by marginalization. As a part of the whole equine industry, and its possible impact in the modern and future society, the main traits of the equine dairy enterprise are reviewed with a special focus on management of animals and milk. Equine milk compositional and nutritional peculiarities are described as also related to milk hygiene and health issues. Scientific and technical aspects of the feeding management are considered in the frame of the emerging dairy equine enterprise, where pasture is an essential element that allows to match production goals for horses and donkeys, biodiversity preservation, as well as landscape safeguard
The eco-efficiency of the dairy Cheese Chain: an Italian case study
No full textThe eco-efficiency of mozzarella cheese production was investigated in two dairy chains
that differ in liquid whey recycling, with whey recycling (B) and without whey recycling
(A), in cow diets. The total eco-efficiency (total GVA/total GWP) for 1 kg of mozzarella
cheese ranged from € 0.19 (B) to € 0.16 per kg CO2-eq (A). The cheese-making phase of each
diet accounted for about 3% of GWP total emissions. The mozzarella cheese making phase
had the highest eco-efficiency ratio, while the milk production phase showed the lowest
economic value and the highest impact. Findings suggest improvements in reducing the
environmental burden of the primary phase while increasing its economic value
Batch pasteurization of donkey milk by pilot-scale microwave oven: III. Effects on nitrogenous components after different thermal treatments
No full textBatch pasteurization of donkey milk by pilot-scale microwave oven: I. microbiological evaluations of different thermal treatments
No full textCONCENTRAZIONI DI ORMONI TIROIDEI NEL SANGUE E NEL LATTE D’ASINA: CORRELAZIONI CON LE TEMPERATURE AMBIENTALI
No full textCONCENTRAZIONI DI ORMONI TIROIDEI NEL SANGUE E NEL LATTE D’ASINA: CORRELAZIONI CON LE TEMPERATURE AMBIENTALI
Todini L1, Malfatti A1, Brunetti V1, Salimei E2, Fantuz F1
1Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali e Naturali, Università di Camerino (MC), Italy
2Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari Ambientali e Microbiologiche, Università degli Studi del Molise (CB), Italy
Parole chiave: Asina, Lattazione, Ormoni Tiroidei, Temperatura.
In molte specie animali, l’attività tiroidea è risultata influenzata da fattori di ordine ambientale, quali temperatura, umidità relativa, fotoperiodo, disponibilità alimentare, nonché dall’ambiente interno dell’organismo, in particolare dallo stato fisiologico, dalle richieste e disponibilità energetiche. Allo scopo di valutare eventuali correlazioni con le temperature ambientali (giorno del prelievo e settimana precedente, estremi da -2 a 35°C), le concentrazioni di ormoni tiroidei sono state misurate nel plasma (T3 e T4) e nel latte (T3) di 8 asine. I prelievi (8) sono stati effettuati da marzo a luglio e gli ormoni sono stati dosati con metodica ELISA appositamente validata. Le concentrazioni di ormoni nel sangue, soprattutto la T3 (valori delle medie massimi a giugno e minimi a luglio), hanno mostrato una notevole variabilità individuale, la T4 plasmatica è significativamente aumentata dalla seconda metà di aprile (valori massimi ad aprile e minimi a marzo), mentre la T3 nel latte è risultata meno variabile tra individui e non influenzata significativamente dalla data del prelievo (valori minimi a marzo-aprile e massimi a luglio). I valori delle concentrazioni plasmatiche degli ormoni non sono risultati correlati significativamente con la temperatura ambientale. La T3 nel latte è risultata correlata positivamente con la temperatura. Correlazioni lineari negative sono invece risultate per il parametro T3/T4 nel sangue. Pertanto le temperature ambientali, nell’intervallo da noi sperimentato, non sembrano influenzare in modo significativo l’attività tiroidea, apparentemente più dipendente da altri fattori, quali l’individuo e lo stato fisiologico (in questo caso lo stadio di lattazione). Invece, con l’aumentare delle temperature ambientali si ipotizza una diminuzione della attivazione periferica della T4 in T3, indicata dalla diminuzione del rapporto T3/T4 nel sangue
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