170,148 research outputs found
Recensione a E. De Cristofaro, C. Saletti (a cura di), Precursori dello sterminio.Binding e Hoche all'origine dell'"eutanasia" dei malati di mente in Germania, Verona, Ombre Corte (2011)
No full textRecensione a E. De Cristofaro, C. Saletti (a cura di), Precursori dello sterminio.Binding e Hoche all'origine dell'"eutanasia" dei malati di mente in Germania, Verona, Ombre Corte (2011
Registri perduti della Camera Ducale estense: la ‘Storia della città di Ferrara’ del notaio Ugo Caleffini e il suo accesso alla libraria della Camera
No full textNel corso dell’edizione di una cronaca quattrocentesca sinora non pubblicata, la Storia della città di Ferrara dal suo principio sino all’anno 1471, ho incontrato alcuni accenni di notevole interesse su materiale archivistico estense. L’autore dell’opera, un notaio che rivestiva incarichi amministrativi all’interno della cancelleria ducale, nell’elencare i mirabolanti scambi di doni intercorsi nel 1471 tra Paolo II e il novello duca Borso d’Este, afferma: «Et io Ugo de’ Calefini da Ferrara notaro, filius quondam de Recevuto de Caleffini, che per suo thesaurero fui, te certifico tute dicte cosse per haverle vedute et intese». Durante il ducato di Ercole, Caleffini venne impiegato come registratore nell’ufficio della Spenderia ducale e pure come cancelliere, ed è pertanto verosimile che accedesse a materiale documentario conservato presso gli uffici. Ma se la supposizione è banale, il testo della Storia offre ben più di un indizio in tale senso. Ad esempio, dopo aver riprodotto sotto la data del 1347 una lista di nomi, dichiara: «furono ribelli del soprascritto signor Obizo, como appare ad un libro dela Camera Ducale 1347, scripto di sopra: “Canevaro a 258 et a 259”» (BNCFi, Magl. XXV. 39, c. 17v). Di questo, come di altri libri citati dal Caleffini, non è più rimasta traccia. Il saggio si ripromette di fornire spunti sia sull’archivio perduto, sia sulla frequentazione fisica dei suoi spazi per fini non puramente amministrativi
FLEXIBILITY POTENTIAL OF HEAT PUMPS THROUGH DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT IN BUILDINGS
No full textEnergy transition is progressively replacing conventional fossil-based energy systems with renewable energy sources, which are by nature not flexible and cannot be managed to meet energy needs. Hence, it is of key importance to have flexibility on the demand side to ensure a balance between energy supply and demand. One possible strategy to achieve this is known as Demand Side Management (DSM), consisting of actively changing user demand to obtain a more efficient system operation. When heat is supplied by heat pumps, and therefore it is tranferred into an electricity demand, DSM allows electricity to be stored as heat within the building thermal mass (e.g. by varying the temperature set-points), in order to reduce the electricity demand in subsequent periods. This study aims to characterize the potential of heat pumps supplying heat to buildings in order to implement this DSM strategy and, therefore, to offer flexibility or balancing services to the power grid. The dynamic behavior of a binary system comprising a building and a heat pump, including the heat distribution circuit for generality, is simulated through a model in MATLAB®/Simulink®. A set of experiments is carried out by preheating the building at different hours of the day (i.e. increasing the comfort set-point) and by sensitivity analyses on the building thermal properties (i.e. time constant). The flexibility potential is assessed by defining and evaluating key performance indicators that represent the behavior of the binary system, e.g. peak energy reduction, amount of electricity used to preheat the building and avoided during its discharge, and building discharge time. The results remark the periods of the day in which it is more effective to apply DSM, leading to a potential electricity saving of up to 5 % thanks to a more efficient operation of the heat pump, when considering its variable performance with the load. The discharge time of the building is also highly variable, ranging from 2 h to 8 h. The analysis of these indicators can open up new management opportunities in communities of buildings
Development, analysis and application of a predictive controller to a small-scale district heating system
No full textDistrict heating and cooling networks have great potential for energy saving, efficient thermal energy distribution and renewable energy source integration. Currently, heating systems are managed on the basis of operator experience or by using adaptive controllers, however these solutions are not suitable when there are remarkable variations in boundary conditions. In this context, Model Predictive Control is a promising strategy as it optimizes control based on the prediction of the future behavior of system dynamics and disturbances by means of simplified models. This paper presents the development of a predictive controller based on a novel Dynamic Programming optimization algorithm and aimed to supply the thermal energy to entire buildings within district heating networks. The controller is exploited to operate the district heating network of a school complex in a simulation environment (i.e. Model-in-the-Loop). Each branch connected to the network is optimized by a dedicated controller according to a multi-agent strategy. The performance of the innovative controller is compared to the results obtained by using a conventional PID controller. Conservative results show that, with the innovative controller, a reduction in fuel consumption of up to more than 7% is obtained together with up to 5 h of avoided failures of the indoor comfort constraints, depending on the season. Overall, the Model-based Predictive Controller is able to fulfill comfort requirements adequately while minimizing energy consumption. Moreover, the multi-agent approach allows these results to be extended to larger networks in future studies
A REVIEW OF SMART ENERGY PRACTICES AT AIRPORTS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE AVIATION
No full textAirports are intricate systems comprising buildings, parking lots and land infrastructure, each with unique characteristics that influence energy consumption patterns.On the airside, airfield lighting and radio navigation systems are the primary energy users, while on the landside, the terminal building stands out as a major energy consumer due to its role in passenger and cargo handling, and the extensive facilities it houses.Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC), lighting, and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems are often the top energy consumers within airports, making it imperative to explore innovative strategies to reduce energy expenditure in these facilities.To address this challenge, airports are adopting smart energy solutions, involving electrification, ICT integration, and energy optimization.This paper reviews the current state and future prospects of these emerging trends, covering the following aspects.Regarding electrification, the paper discusses how airports are shifting to electrical power for ground support equipment, passenger vehicles, and terminal buildings, reducing their dependence on fossil fuels and improving their environmental performance.Focusing on ICT integration, the paper examines how airports are using advanced energy management systems, data analytics, and predictive modeling tools to monitor and optimize their energy consumption patterns, achieving significant energy savings, and operational efficiency.Finally for energy optimization, the paper explores how airports are implementing energy optimization measures, such as HVAC optimization and waste heat recovery, enhancing their overall sustainability and resilience.The paper also analyzes the potential and challenges of using renewable energy sources at airports, such as solar and wind power, highlighting the technical, safety (e.g.glaring for photovoltaic panels or interference with communication and trajectories for wind generators) and regulatory issues that need to be addressed.The paper concludes with a vision of the future of smart energy at airports, emphasizing the role of innovation, collaboration, and stakeholder engagement in driving the transition to a more sustainable aviation sector
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