177,042 research outputs found
The role of technology monitoring to guide R&D programs: some Italian selected cases
No full textTechnology monitoring may take on different meanings in a company’s day to day activities. In some cases it can be interpreted as a technology intelligence methodology, while in others it is understood as technology forecasting or even as technology assessment. These different interpretations are confirmed by an analysis of the literature where there is little agreement on the definition and even the possible applications of technology monitoring. This paper presents the initial results of a research project conducted by the Department of Industrial Engineering of the University of Padua. The research project analysed the technology monitoring process in four Italian companies: two manufacturing companies and two private research centres.
For each of the cases considered, first we analysed the way technology monitoring is carried out in each of the companies and then we tried to understand what factors influence each company’s approach to technology monitoring. Four factors that can be expected to influence a company’s technology monitoring approach came out of this empirical research study: the industry, the business model, the importance of technology in the corporate culture and the level of R&D resources. The role of technology monitoring both in the definition of research and development programs and in the planning process changes depending on these factors
Technological change and technology monitoring process: Evidence from four Italian case studies
No full textTechnology monitoring (TM) may take on different meanings in a
company’s day-to-day activities. In some cases it can be interpreted
as a technology intelligence methodology, while in others it is
understood as technology forecasting or even as technology assessment.
These different interpretations are confirmed by an analysis of
the literature. This case study examines the technology monitoring
process in four Italian companies.
For each of the casesconsidered, firstweanalysed thewaytechnology
monitoring is carried out and then we tried to understand what
factors influence the company approach to technology monitoring.
Four factors that can be expected to influence a company’s technology
monitoring approach came out of this empirical research
study: the industry a company operates in, thebusinessmodel it uses,
theimportance of technology inthe corporate culture,and the level of
its R&D resources
Il monitoraggio tecnologico: principi e prassi aziendali
No full textTechnology monitoring may take on different meanings in a company’s day-to-day activities. In some cases it can be interpreted as a technology intelligence methodology while in others it is understood as technology forecasting or even as technology assessment. These different interpretations are confirmed by an analysis of the literature. After reviewing the literature on this topic, the paper discusses the firms approach to technology monitoring in a broad way, taking into consideration three different dimensions: the aim of technology monitoring, its organization and its implementation. Different examples of technology monitoring approach adopted by some companies are presented in order to explain the concepts discussed in the paper
Suitability assessment of global, continental and national digital elevation models for geomorphological analyses in Italy
No full textDigital elevation models (DEMs) represent a fundamental resource in geomorphological analysis. The increasing availability of open-access DEMs over wide areas is advantageous, but requires an evaluation of DEM quality and errors. This work applies a hierarchical assessment of global, continental and national DEMs in Italy in order to explore the differences and analyze the vertical accuracy, spatial error distribution and agreement of morphometric measurements. The selected DEMs are compared with local reference data as a ground points dataset, extracted from the national geodetic network, and regional DEMs at high spatial resolution, through both a qualitative and a quantitative approach. The results identify limits and potentialities of the selected DEMs, showing accuracy and errors in height representation, also affected by the topographic characteristics of the surface, such as steep slope in mountain zones and some defects in hydromorphological derivatives that could condition the geomorphological applications
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
In vitro activity of ceftazidime/avibactam against carbapenem-nonsusceptible Klebsiella penumoniae isolates collected during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a Southern Italy, multicenter, surveillance study
No full textObjectives: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) represent a serious threat for human health being frequently resistant to most of available antibiotics classes. Recently, ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) has been approved for treatment of infections by Gram-negative bacteria, including class A CPE (including KPC-producing K. pneumoniae). Following CAZ/AVI commercialization, resistance to this combination has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of CAZ/AVI resistance among carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae(CR-Kp) isolates recovered from bloodstream infections (BSI) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), representative of the contemporary southern Italy epidemiology, during the first pandemic wave of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: From Jan...20-Jun...20, 4 Laboratories, collected all consecutive, non-replicated CR-Kp from BSIs and HAPs. All isolates were subjected to i) MALDI-ToF identification; ii) antimicrobial susceptibility testing by microdilution method. CAZ/AVI resistant (CAZ/AVI-R) isolates were screened for presence of most common carbapenemase genes and subjected to whole genome sequencing for characterization. Results: A total of 89 isolates were collected. The majority of strains retained susceptibility to colistin, gentamicin and amikacin. Three strains (3/89, 3,4%) were CAZ/AVI-R (MIC range 16/4-64/4 mg/L). Among CAZ/AVI-R, one was KPC-type producer (an ST101) while the remaining where NDM-type and VIM-type producers and belonged to ST147, and ST45, respectively. Conclusion: During the pandemic period, in southern Italy, CAZ/AVI resistance remained infrequent but high-risk Klebsiella pneumoniae epidemic clones, producing the KPC-31 variant and class B carbapenamases were reported from some of the included centers
Remote sensing techniques to assess badlands dynamics: insights from a systematic review
No full textBadlands are typical landforms that develop on unconsolidated sediments or poorly consolidated bedrock, with bare or sparse vegetation, generally characterized by high rates of erosion. These landscapes are vulnerable to dynamic changes driven by natural processes such as rainfall and tectonic processes, as well as anthropogenic factors including deforestation and land reclamation. The evolution of their interaction significantly influences resource management, particularly soil and water, and informs sustainable land-use planning strategies. Monitoring and analyzing badlands dynamics is crucial for understanding their downstream effects and mitigating natural and environmental hazards such as landslides, debris flows, piping and sediment delivery to rivers. Remote sensing (RS) technologies, from ground- to satellite-based, have emerged as valuable tools for assessing these processes due to their ability to provide data at high spatial and/or temporal resolutions over complex terrains. This article provides a systematic overview of recent advancements in RS techniques applied to badlands, highlighting their respective contributions across various environmental contexts. Starting from 516 papers retrieved from Web of Science and Scopus databases, the review synthesizes the main findings of 96 peer-reviewed studies selected by the use of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) process. The majority of these studies (59%) were conducted in Europe, with significant contributions from Italy, Spain and France. Ground-based methods like Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) remain invaluable for site-specific studies that focus on fine-scale processes such as rill formation and micro-landslides, while airborne laser scanning and aerial photography and photogrammetry, offer broader spatial coverage, facilitating the creation of geomorphological maps and the analysis of large-scale erosional features. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), emerging since 2011, have bridged the gap between ground precision field studies and aerial scalability, becoming essential for 3D mapping and erosion monitoring in inaccessible terrain. Satellite imagery is a leading tool due to its extensive spatial and temporal coverage, enhancing land-use change monitoring and erosion modeling capabilities. The study also emphasizes the importance of well-known tools such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to support the analysis of data and the creation of thematic maps (e.g. erosion susceptibility, land use/land cover, geotourism), while also recognizing the increasing role of Machine Learning (ML) in handling large and complex datasets, identifying hidden patterns, and supporting predictive analyses in environmental research. By providing a structured comparison of RS approaches in relation to their spatial scale, resolution, and applicability, this study contributes to a better understanding of their potential and limitations in badlands research, and offers a useful reference for designing future monitoring strategies
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