4 research outputs found
PREPARATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL–BASED NANOPARTICLES AS FAST DISSOLVING ORAL FILM
No full textObjective: The present work aims to formulate candesartan cilexetil (CC) as nanoparticles oral film to enhance solubility of CC, and promote its dissolution rate, and this could produce rapid therapeutic action of drug.
Methods: The nanoparticles prepared by solvent/antisolvent precipitated method then formulated as fast dissolving oral films by casting method.CC nanoparticles formulated by different polymer: drug ratio which was 1:1 and 2:1 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with different molecular weight like, HPMCE5, HPMCE50, PVPK15 and PVPK30. The effect of polymer type, polymer ratio and injected volume on the size and specific surface area of prepared particle were tested.
Results: The bested formula FCC3 was found with a smallest size equal to 37 nm and specific surface area of 54.66m2/g. The FCC3 formula was dried by freeze drier and tested by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD) to determine surface morphology, crystallinity and compatibility, then formulated as fast dissolving oral film. The drug content in the 4 cm2 prepared film was distributed between 93.00% ± 1.75 to 98.25% ± 1.25 and disintegrate in 25min. The in vitro release of candesartan nanoparticle from oral film was 68% in 2 minute and complete to 100% at 4 minutes.
Conclusion: The results confirmed fast release and better dissolution rate of prepared candesartan nanoparticle than pure drug
MARKETING POLITIK DALAM PEMILIHAN LEGISLATIF 2014 (Strategi �Tandem� Kandidat Partai Demokrat di Daerah Pemilihan III Jawa Timur)
No full textIn this study, the authors act as a participant observer dikarenkan authors also act as subjects in this study. This research was conducted in the third constituency of East Java which includes three districts namely Situbondo,Bondowoso and Banyuwangi. The main reason of this research conducted in the area because the author is one of the Provincial Parliament legislative candidates in the area. Research subjects in this study are those who are involved in the legislative elections of 2014. The study was conducted with in-depth interviews and ethnography.In this research.Tandem strategy undertaken party candidates can not be separated from the 4 P's are product, price, promotion and place. Campaign with the vision and mission of the product is to use the party. However, if the party's vision and mission are not accepted by the constituents of the candidates make the program - a program that is needed by the community Candidates also use price strategy. Price strategy is needed, especially in terms of campaign funding. Campaign funds needed for the manufacture of billboards, banners and expenses during the campaign fell directly in the constituency. The next strategy is the promotion tandem. Promotion is done is through the promotion installing billboards, banners, brochures. However, the Commission rules restrict any excessive promotion circumvented by candidates to perform teroboson make smart card innovation and establish regular communication with constituents. Tandem strategy undertaken other candidates is to determine the exact place or location. One form of this strategy is to be at the right serial number. Advantageous if the serial number is located on the first serial number. Above the serial number that allows it to be seen by constituents. Performed as a serial number on one of the appropriate strategy for people who look at the condition of candidates in the serial number on the main cadres of the party and the candidate of choice. Tandem strategy is a strategy that is profitable if done with makasimal, but with tandem can not be ensured the election of candidates to be great opportunities, but at least the burden is not heavy and difficult for one candidate. By doing tandem, the candidate can be said to be financial assistance, energy and time, which where not all candidates have the same forces
FORMULATION, ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION OF NANOSUSPENSIONS-LOADED VORICONAZOLE TO ENHANCE SOLUBILITY
No full textObjective: This study aimed to enhance the solubility of voriconazole (VRZ) via loading to nanosuspensions using solvent/anti-solvent technique. The optimisation of independent variables (polymer concentrations) was carried out to achieve the desired particle size and maximise the percentage of entrapment efficiency (EE %) and drug loading (DL %) using design-expert®software.
Methods: Design-Expert® software, version 13, was used to design and optimise nanosuspensions-loaded VRZ using 23 factorial designs. Concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamers were selected as independent variables to achieve ideal particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), entrapment efficacy (EE %) and drug loading (DL %). Atomic force microscopy (AFM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and saturated solubility were used to assess the lyophilized nanoparticles. The compatibility between the drug and the polymers was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
Results: The particle size, PDI, EE %, and DL % were in the range of 15.6–145.6 nm, 0.010-0.120, 55.9 %-91.9 %, and 6.68-36.76 %, respectively. The saturated solubility of nanosuspensions-loaded VRZ (NS-VRZ) relative to free VRZ was increased tenfold in DW and twelvefold in PBS (pH 7.4). DSC thermogram confirmed the incorporation of VRZ in the nanosuspensions. The AFM of NS-VRZ validated spherical tiny particle size with a smooth surface. There is no chemical interaction between VRZ and the polymers, according to an FTIR investigation.
Conclusion: The solubility of VRZ was successfully enhanced by loading to nanosuspensions. The solvent/anti-solvent technique was proven to be cost-effective, easy to operate and suitable for the preparation of NS-VRZ using Design-Expert®software
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF QUALITY CONTROL TESTING OF MEFENAMIC ACID TABLETS IN IRAQ
No full textObjective: This research was performed to assess the quality of different marketed tablets having mefenamic acid (500 mg). The selected tablets are produced by numerous companies and presented in the Iraqi pharmaceutical marketplace.
Methods: Different batches of mefenamic acid conventional tablets were exposed for several tests of quality control. These evaluation tests include hardness, weight variation, friability, disintegration time, drug content, and drug dissolution profile. The properties of these quality tests were made conferring to the specification of USP-pharmacopeia.
Results: The data of this study indicate that each tablet of mefenamic acid batches conformed to the requirement of USP pharmacopeia, the hardness was (6.87-8.06 Kg/cm2), and the drug content results were (90.666-99.214%) within USP limitation. The data of disintegration time and weight uniformity were agreeable with pharmacopeia and the in vitro release assay showed that the release of each mefenamic acid marketed tablet was highest than (80 %) in 45 min, which reproducing compliance with the USP pharmacopeia\u27s limitation.
Conclusion: From this study, it was proved that all of the marketed brands of mefenamic acid tablets meet the standard character in the USP pharmacopeia for in vitro quality control tests
