1,721,182 research outputs found
Decentralization
No full textOxford Dictionary defines centralization as "The action or fact of decentralizing; decentralized condition" (Oxford Dictionary). Decentralization and sport are closely linked in determining places and spaces within our territories. The rapid urbanization and redevelopment of industrialized arrondissements have introduced a considerable increase in sporting spaces and public playgrounds within our areas. The management and coordination of these new forms of entertainment have opened up new possibilities for local communities concerning urban sports spaces. Moreover, the decentralization of processes implies the reconsideration of local autonomies, resources and citizenship concerning participation and sharing in the planning of territories, considering sports urbanism. After the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed new collaborative and participatory projects to redefine specific urban spaces in cities and metropolises. To date, decentralization is a theoretical basis for cities that proposes essential elements for designing sports spaces in urban or rural areas. Given the new forms of participation and collaboration, decentralization has acquired an increasingly significant and central role in the design and management of our cities of the future
Centralization
No full textOxford Dictionary defines centralization as "The action or process of bringing to or gathering at a center; the fact of being centralized in this way" (Oxford Dictionary). Centralization and sport are closely linked in defining places and spaces within our territories. The rapid urbanization and redevelopment of industrialized arrondissements have introduced a considerable increase in sporting spaces and public playgrounds within our areas. The management and coordination of these new forms of entertainment have opened up new possibilities for urban sports spaces. In addition, the centralization of processes implies reconsidering environmental, social, and economic resources in observance of participation and safety in city planning, considering sports urbanism. After the COVID-19 pandemic, we examined new projects to define specific, centralized urban spaces in cities and metropolises. To date, centralization is a theoretical basis for cities to propose essential elements for designing sports venues in urban or rural areas. Given the space occupied, centralization has acquired a more significant and more central role in the design and management of our cities of the future
Le strutture sportive come catalizzatori delle politiche sportive territoriali : il caso dell’Emilia-Romagna
No full textThe following contribution, starting from a summary of the law 11 of 2007, regarding the management and entrusting of the
infrastructures in the Emilia-Romagna Region, intends to map the sports complexes and spaces in relation to the disciplines
carried out. By analysing the regional data of the sports observatory in relation to the sports complexes and spaces surveyed in
2021, it will be possible to make considerations regarding the management, localisation, and type of facilities available in the
territory. Through the use of documentary sources and second-level observations, it is intended to evaluate the new challenges
and projects proposed by the Emilia-Romagna Region through the three-year sports development plan. Lastly, the analysis of
the infrastructural distribution in relation to the province will allow new projects to be put forward on sports venues and their
impact on territorial sports practice
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
María Martínez Sala v Freistaat Bayern (Case C-85/96), ECLI:EU:C:1998:217, [1998] ECR I-2691, 12 May 1998
No full textEssential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in María Martínez Sala v Freistaat Bayern (Case C-85/96), ECLI:EU:C:1998:217, [1998] ECR I-2691, 12 May 1998. The document also included supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.</p
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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