16 research outputs found
Majelis Ta’lim Sebagai Alternatif Pusat Pendidikan Islam (Studi Kasus pada Majelis Ta’lim Se Kecamatan Natar Lampung Selatan)
No full textIn the public, living we see routine activities what is done. The routine activities are religious and non religious. Usually, religious activities are done in majelis ta’lim. Majelis ta’lim that grow in the community can to became alternative for central of islamic education if the managed well. Therefore, the author want to discuss about this issue with expectation to know of factors that cause the failure religious building in majelis ta’lim especially in Natar, so to know activities that required to done so as really became alternative for central of Islamic education. This research is quantitative research with collecting data from majelis ta’lim which became this research object. The collecting data is done with instruments: as observation, interview, and documentation. From this research, we can know that style and methode is done by the teacher is principal key to success in majelis ta’lim. Therefore, the inovation is required in majelis ta’lim activities so that can interest of more pilgrims and make him the alternative for central of Islamic education
(RE)CONSTRUCTING IDENTITIES: THE CASE OF CHINESE MUSLIMS IN SINGAPORE
No full textBachelor'sBachelor of Social Sciences (Honours
Numerical modelling of the aluminium extrusion process
No full textThe extrusion of aluminium alloys involves the shaping of the product from an homogenised billet into a complex shape. In addition the properties of the extrudate are
closely related to the processing parameters (temperature, stain rate, and material morphology). Since all the parameters vary throughout the ram stroke and throughout the billet the prediction of the condition of the extrudate is complex. In this study the analysis is accomplished by the use of finite element analysis coupled with sub-illodelling of the structural features. The study is extended to include the lieat-treatment process necessary
for precipitation hardened alloys subsequent to the process. The author has published these results in a number of learned journals and these are given in Appendix.
After a concise introduction and crirical literature review chapter3 analyses the basic operation of the finite element package(FEM) discussing the procedures involved, the
equilibrium equations and the more practical aspect of the mesh morphology and size. Finite Element analysis and material structural models have been integrated using parallel processing technology and program sub-routines. In this section the external inputs are also defined paying particular attention to the friction conditions and the constitutive equations. The thesis then proceeds to describe and analyse the integrated modelling of the process necessary to introduce the user introduction of the equations necessary to produce a comprehensive analysis of the material structural problems. This includes the cellular automata teclu-iiques. Various complex extrusion geometries are analysed and the effects of scaling considered. Development of the extrudate surface and criteria for ptedicting this important feature are
coinprehebsivcly covered in chapter 5 whilst chapter 6 considers some special technologies such as the use of pockets to obtain homogenous structures. Isothermal extrusion is also included in this section
Masculinity on the run: history, nation and subjectivity in contemporary mainland Chinese cinema
No full textThe study investigates representations of masculinities in modern Mainland Chinese cinema from the early reform period to the year 2000. It argues that masculinities from this era are `on the run'; that is, male protagonists' ambiguous relationships with dominant discourses of nation, history and new formulations of subjectivity cause them either to flee from Maoist collective identity categories or more actively to move towards discourses of the sovereignty of the individual brought into China with the `opening up' policies enacted after the Chairman's death. The social and cultural upheavals represented in these films create an atmosphere of uncertainty in which little is solid or settled: for example, although filmmakers may represent their male protagonists rushing from ideas of Maoist manhood, these ambitions and identity figurations, active in the public imagination for so long, still structure male identity, and even male rebellion, acting as reins pulling at the individual agency male filmmakers may try so hard to trace on screen. The result is a recent history of
representation in which male characters stand as symbols for their nation's central dilemma, as it wavers between a collective past and an unknown (both exciting and threatening) future.
Whereas images of women have been analysed (especially those in the Fifth Generation cinema of the 1980s and 1990s), their male counterparts on the Chinese cinema screen have been largely ignored. This study redresses this imbalance and interprets the representation of men on screen through gender theory, cultural studies, and sources on Chinese society. The main chapters of the study concentrate on versions or expressions of masculinities, reflecting a society that has expressed its revolutionary aims through human models. The introduction to each chapter provides a contextualisation of the manner in which masculinities have been configured in other contemporary representational fields and will explain the relevance of the discussed ideas of masculinity in China's recent past. This study contributes both to conceptions of film and gender in China, and will widen the scope of cross-cultural
theorisations of masculinities
Correction to: Febrile illness in high-risk children: a prospective, international observational study (European Journal of Pediatrics, (2022), 182, 2, (543-554), 10.1007/s00431-022-04642-1)
No full textIn the original published version of the above article, the names of members of the PERFORM consortium were not introduced in the authorship section. The names are now properly displayed. The complete consortium list has been added as Supplementary material to the original article. The original article has been corrected. © 2023, The Author(s)
Macromodel of the Romanian market economy (version 2005)
No full textThe macromodel will be used to investigate short and medium–run economic implications of internal policies and of changes in the international context. This new version of the Romanian macromodel benefites from the experience gained by the author during the utilisation of its previous forms - either experimental (tested during 1991-1995) or operational (developed during 1996-2003). At the same time, this model introduces some methodological and informational improvements, in comparison to previous versions. The most significant of them is the structural decomposition of economy, according to the input-output techniques. Output and absorption are divided into: a) agriculture, sylviculture, forestry, hunting, and fishing; b) mining and energy; c) manufacturing industry; d) construction; e) transport, post and communications; f) trade and services. These categories can be easily translated into the classical three-sectors classification: primary (a+b), secondary (c+d), and tertiary (e+f). Due to the relatively advanced stage of the transitional processes in Romania, the behavioural functions were modelled - as much as possible - by the standard relationships. Besides, unlike the previous versions, that used statistical series beginning with 1980, the present one is based exclusively on information regarding the period 1989-2004. Therefore, we have considered more adequate to name this variant the macromodel of the Romanian market (not transition, as before) economy. Since the input-output tables are defined yearly, the model contains only annual indicators. They are expressed in denominated local currency (RON). When there were several informational sources for the same indicator, we preferred the data extracted or derived from national accounts. The statistical series are relatively short and often fractured (because of the transforming processes of transition). Although, it is known that ADF test of stationarity does not offer reliable results in the case of limited number of observations, generally the series satisfying it were used. The Granger causality test was computed for one, two, and three lags. The simplest methods of estimation were also preferred. The structural breaks in the evolution of some indicators have been dealt by the inclusion of dummies. Obviously, all these circumstances weaken the stability of econometric coefficients that must be continuously updated. The main relationships are grouped in seven sections: input-output block; labour market, production function; domestic absorption, foreign trade, prices and exchange rate, and interest rate. The first two chapters present conceptual framework of macromodel and econometric analysis on which it is based. The next one describes a possible scenario for the Romanian economy during 2005-2010 years. The final part of paper contains a set of simulations revealing some operational features of the macromodel.model, input-output analysis, econometric relationships, simulations
Characterising acute and chronic care needs: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textChronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care addresses short-term conditions. Chronic conditions increasingly strain health systems, which are often unprepared for these demands. This study examines the burden of conditions requiring acute versus chronic care, including sequelae. Conditions and sequelae from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019 were classified into acute or chronic care categories. Data were analysed by age, sex, and socio-demographic index, presenting total numbers and contributions to burden metrics such as Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLD), and Years of Life Lost (YLL). Approximately 68% of DALYs were attributed to chronic care, while 27% were due to acute care. Chronic care needs increased with age, representing 86% of YLDs and 71% of YLLs, and accounting for 93% of YLDs from sequelae. These findings highlight that chronic care needs far exceed acute care needs globally, necessitating health systems to adapt accordingly.
© 2025. The Author(s)
The Intercultural Communication Experiences of Arab Muslims Studying in New Zealand: Academic and Social Perspectives
No full textThe number of Arab Muslim students in New Zealand has increased significantly in recent years, yet there is a lack of New Zealand studies that investigate this phenomenon. Studies that have examined the experiences of these students in Western academic contexts suggest, however, that there is a need for further investigation to understand the extent to which these students (re)construct and (re)ne¬go¬tiate their identities as a result of their intercultural communication experiences. The purpose of this study is to examine how universities’ communication practices influence the negotiation process of these students’ cultural and religious identities. In addition, the study investigates which communication practices adopted by students facilitate, or inhibit, good communication with New Zealanders. Cultural identity theory and structuration theory were used as the theoretical framework to understand the reconstruction and renegotiation of students’ cultural and religious identities.
In-depth phenomenological interviews were conducted with 45 male and female participants to elicit their personal stories. Eight university administrators were also interviewed, and university documents were analysed to explore the organisational perspectives in dealing with the presence of these students. Thematic, content, and structuration analyses were conducted with the assistance of NVivo software. Given that the researcher is also an Arab Muslim student, methodological and ethical challenges (e.g., recruiting and engaging with participants, and conducting semistructured face-to-face interviews) were explored reflexively.
Analysis of the data for this study suggested three main findings. First, both Islamic and cultural values guided the direction of Arab Muslim students’ daily lives. Participants noted a number of issues that reflected their emphatic, forthright identification with their own cultural and religious heritage. These issues involved insisting on the role of social networks to protect feminine identity and the integrity of people’s social reputation; the importance of consuming halal food and securing a space to perform daily prayers; the avoidance of working with the opposite sex, and avoid any university and community activities that include practices contrary to their own values.
Second, the negotiation of power between universities and participants was observed. As New Zealand universities used human and nonhuman resources, they were able to wield power over participants and influence them to negotiate and reflect on their own values and norms. Participants appealed to the concept of the purification of Islam to rationalise their motivation for reflecting on and questioning their own values and norms. This reflection resulted in the adoption by students of guidelines and strategies for interaction, avoidance, and normalisation.
Third, the students’ length of residence appeared to be an indicator of disiden¬ti¬fi¬cation with their own values and identification with the dominant values in matters relating to the segregation of the sexes and modesty. A redefining of concepts of gender roles, being alone, freedom, and others was observed over time. The experience of negotiating cultural and religious identities affirmed that cultural identity is constructed in the intercultural communication context as participants worked out a sort of two identities which combines elements from the old and the new.
The study contributes significantly to existing research on intercultural communication by hearing Arab Muslim students’ voices on issues that arise as they encounter new cultural values, seek to maintain their cultural and religious identities, and navigate between home and host values. Among significant contributions to theoretical knowledge, we can include conceptualising the gender roles, being alone in a Western country, gender relations, segregation of the sexes, modesty, freedom, hijab, and personal freedom. In particular, the study enriches the extant literature examining the negotiation process of individual identity from the structuration and cultural identity point of view. In addition to these contributions, implications were drawn for educational institutions, government policies, and future Arab Muslim students to help them obtain constructive intercultural communication experiences in a dominant culture. The suggestion for future studies was made to further explore the role of female gender and length of residency in the reconstruction and renegotiation of cultural identity
The key role of nitric oxide in hypoxia: hypoxic vasodilation and energy supply-demand matching
No full textSignificance: a mismatch between energy supply and demand induces tissue hypoxia with the potential to cause cell death and organ failure. Whenever arterial oxygen concentration is reduced, increases in blood flow - 'hypoxic vasodilation' - occur in an attempt to restore oxygen supply. Nitric oxide is a major signalling and effector molecule mediating the body's response to hypoxia, given its unique characteristics of vasodilation (improving blood flow and oxygen supply) and modulation of energetic metabolism (reducing oxygen consumption and promoting utilization of alternative pathways). Recent advances: this review covers the role of oxygen in metabolism and responses to hypoxia, the hemodynamic and metabolic effects of nitric oxide, and mechanisms underlying the involvement of nitric oxide in hypoxic vasodilation. Recent insights into nitric oxide metabolism will be discussed, including the role for dietary intake of nitrate, endogenous nitrite reductases, and release of nitric oxide from storage pools. The processes through which nitric oxide levels are elevated during hypoxia are presented, namely (i) increased synthesis from nitric oxide synthases, increased reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide by heme- or pterin-based enzymes and increased release from nitric oxide stores, and (ii) reduced deactivation by mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. Critical issues: several reviews covered modulation of energetic metabolism by nitric oxide, while here we highlight the crucial role NO plays in achieving cardiocirculatory homeostasis during acute hypoxia through both vasodilation and metabolic suppression Future directions: we identify a key position for nitric oxide in the body's adaptation to an acute energy supply-demand mismatc
A polyphasic approach to the study of chitinolytic bacteria in soil
No full textChitin is the most abundant nitrogen-containing polymer in nature, with >1x10^10 tonnes
produced annually in terrestrial and marine habitats. Chitinolytic bacteria are able to
degrade this recalcitrant substrate through a multiplicity of chitinases. A polyphasic
approach was taken to studying these organisms within three diverse soil communities.
Fluorometric assays employing 4-methylumbelliferyl-labelled chitinooligosaccharides were
used to estimate basal soil chitinase activity as well as its chitinolytic potential in response
to a- and b-chitin amendment. A molecular approach was adopted to profile the bacterial
community and functional chi gene diversity within the soils. Finally, a method of exploring
the metaexoproteome, enabling investigation of the dominant chitin degraders at
a functional level, was developed and implemented. The metaexoproteome and metaproteome,
extracted with an existing method, were compared and used to infer the functional
dominance of chitinolytic phyla.
The basal chitinase activity in all soils was found to be low, yet chitin amendment rapidly
induced chitinases in all soils although intersite differences were seen. b-chitin amendment
induced more chitinolytic activity in Cayo Blanco (CB) compared to Sourhope (SH). The
Test Soil (TS), a site biannually amended with carapaces, retained higher chitinolytic
potential many months after chitin had been consumed.
Next-generation pyrosequencing enabled >50% of the potential OTUs present in the soil
to be recovered. The 16S rRNA gene analysis of SH revealed dominant phyla to be Proteobacteria,
Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria with little change between amendments. The
TS was dominated by the same phyla but saw a proliferation of Actinobacteria with chitin
amendment. CB experienced the inverse response to the Test Soil, initially dominated by
Actinobacteria only for Proteobacteria to dominate with amendment. Firmicutes were also
prevalent with b-chitin amendment.
Functional chi gene analysis found Streptomyces-like GH19 chi genes to dominate in both
SH and CB. A rare Actinomycete Planobispora dominated chitin-amended TS. This organism
is usually found in extremely arid soil. It was not found in the 16S rRNA gene analysis or the metaproteome; further analysis is required to confirm its presence. Streptomyces-
like GH18 chi genes only dominated CB with amendment and were absent in SH.
A large number of OTUs were identified as uncultured organisms suggesting a large pool
of uncharacterized GH18 chi genes.
Metaproteomics is the functional analysis of complex communities at a given point in time.
The heterogeneity of soil, associated microbial communities, and presence of interfering
compounds make the extraction of protein from soil a technical challenge. Chitinases
are extracellular and so the metaexoproteome was targeted after development of a novel
method that biased extraction towards exoproteins. The protocol successfully extracted the
largest soil metaproteome to date. Actinobacterial chitinases were found to be functionally
dominant in the Test Soil, especially in response to b-chitin amendment
