1,721,003 research outputs found
Manipulation of host S-nitrosylation by Pseudomonas syringae
Full text linkNitric oxide (NO) and S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) are widespread signalling molecules that
regulate immunity in animals and plants (Wendehenne et al., 2001). Previously, we have
reported that Arabidopsis thaliana S-nitrosoglutathione reductase, (AtGSNOR1) modulates
the extent of total cellular SNO formation, which subsequently regulates multiple modes of
plant disease resistance (Feechan et al., 2005). Loss-of-function mutations in AtGSNOR1,
leading to increased SNO levels, have recently been shown to result in S-nitrosylation of the
key defence regulators NPR1 and AtSABP3, blunting their activity and subsequently leading
to increased pathogen susceptibility (Tada et al., 2008; Wang et al., 2009). Thus, inhibiting
AtGSNOR1 function leading to increased SNOs, would potentially provide a good strategy
for bacterial effector proteins, delivered by the type III secretion system (TTSS), to promote
infection.
AtGSNOR1 is constitutively expressed in all organs in Arabidopsis and its expression is
induced by wounding stress avirulent and non-host pathogen. Using gas phase
chemiluminescence, we show that infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain
DC3000 (PstDC3000) resulted in increase SNO levels which is TTSS. At the same time,
RT-PCR and GUS analysis indicated that AtGSNOR1 expression was transiently suppressed
by PstDC3000 which is also TTSS-dependent. Therefore, PstDC3000 infection suppresses
denitrosylase function of AtGSNOR1 to increase SNO levels and this virulence effect is
delivered by at least one of the effector protein secreted through TTSS.
Several putative cis-acting elements were identified in AtGSNOR1 promoter through deletion
analysis including GT-box, W-box and MYB/MYC binding motif. These elements comprise
of positive and negative regulators which are critical for the induction and suppression of
AtGSNOR1 in response to pathogen infection.
A few transgenic plants expressing effector proteins were selected and tested for their
suppressive effect on AtGSNOR1 expression during PstDC3000 infection. HopAM1 effector
proteins showed the ability to suppress AtGSNOR1 when expressed in planta
Nitric oxide and its important role in plant defence
Full text linkNitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule involved in numerous physiological processes in both animals and plants. The bioactivity of NO is mainly transduced via post-translational modification of cysteine residues of proteins termed S-nitrosylation. Interestingly, a number of key regulatory components in plant defense responses have been found to be regulated by S-nitrosylation making this type of protein modification an important modulator of plant immunity. As a signaling molecule, NO intimately interact with other important molecules such as reactive oxygen species. Since the identification of NO in plants, increasing number of papers is being published in the area of NO biology each year. Here, a collection of papers describing the role of NO in plant immunity has been brought together to provide a bird's-eye view on the focus area
Nitric oxide and Its Important Role in Plant Defence
Full text linkNitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule involved in numerous physiological processes in both animals and plants. The bioactivity of NO is mainly transduced via post-translational modification of cysteine residues of proteins termed S-nitrosylation. Interestingly, a number of key regulatory components in plant defense responses have been found to be regulated by S-nitrosylation making this type of protein modification an important modulator of plant immunity. As a signaling molecule, NO intimately interact with other important molecules such as reactive oxygen species. Since the identification of NO in plants, increasing number of papers isbeing published in the area of NO biology each year. Here, a collection of papers describing the role of NO in plant immunity has been brought together to provide a bird's-eye view on the focus area
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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