278 research outputs found
“Entrepreneurial Role Of University In The Formation Of Entrepreneurial Intention: A Multi-Level Perspective”
No full textڈاکٹر سعادت سعیدبحثیت نقاد: Dr. Saadat Saeed as a Critic
No full textResearch and criticism play a significant role in the fields of knowledge and literature. On one hand, they explore lost works of art from the past; on the other hand, they play an important role in recognizing status among literary enthusiasts by discussing its merits and demerits to determine its position and rank. Although Dr. Saadat Saeed renouned as critic and researcher in literary circles, he cannot be overlooked as a lively reference poet and critic. While his criticism initially flourished under the influence of the progressive movement, he soon established a distinct identity and promoted entirely different tendencies. This article beautifully and benevolently explains Dr. Saadat Saeed's critical insights, leading to a better understanding of his criticism
“Exploring Entrepreneurial Intentions- Role of Entrepreneurial Training and Role Model: A Perspective from Italy”
No full textIndividual-Level capabilities and Entrepreneurial Intention: The contingent Role of Institutional and Organizational Context
No full textEntrepreneurs affect our daily lives by exploiting new inventions or ideas and taking them to the market. Entrepreneurship research has shown its significant impact on a country’s economy. Thus, entrepreneurship can be considered as the engine driving many nations’ economic growth and competitiveness. As a consequence, entrepreneurs are essential drivers of economic growth. Entrepreneurs not only increase competition, and bring variety of products but they also generate new jobs by founding new firm, which create its impact on economy of a country. Founding a new venture is a challenging job in which some individuals able to bear high level of uncertainty and others not.
Firstly, I have extended the entrepreneurship literature by introducing a multi-level perspective of individual, organizational, and institutional factors to understand the entrepreneurial intention of university students. The current study proposed and tested an integrative, multiperspective framework. I have hypothesized that the three dimensions of university support, that is, perceived educational support, concept development support, and business development support, together with institutional support, shape students’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy. In turn, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and individual motivations constitute the fundamental elements of the intention to start a business.
Secondly, I have employed multi-level modeling to study the influence of university/department-level factors on entrepreneurial intentions, which helps to resolve some of the controversies in previous research. This study examines how a university’s support impacts students’ entrepreneurial intentions and finds that entrepreneurship education, concept-development support, and business-development support increase such intentions. The university role is found to be critical to the growth of entrepreneurial intentions, and I argue that an individual’s decision in favor of or against becoming an entrepreneur depends on the multilevel context provided by the university.
Thirdly, my research shows that individuals whose parent or close family member is self-employed are more likely than others to pursue an entrepreneurial career. In this research, I take the family embeddedness perspective, which describes the impact and the importance of parents on their children’s entrepreneurial careers to argue that the breadth and quality of family business experience matter. I address previous research is inconclusive on the origins of the intergenerational transfer of entrepreneurship gap in the literature by exploring the inter-generational transmission of entrepreneurial intentions using Shapero and Sokol’s (1982) model of intention in entrepreneurial events (SEE). I analyze the role of an entrepreneurial family background as an intergenerational influence on entrepreneurial intention and the underlying mediating effect of the perceived desirability and perceived feasibility of starting a business. I hypothesize that individuals with prior family business experience may develop positive perceptions toward entrepreneurial feasibility and desirability, which can result in entrepreneurial action.
Fourth, in this research, I illuminated gender differences among university students on the intent to start businesses, and I specifically examine perceived feasibility and desirability. Although self-efficacy has been rarely used as an outcome measure, my study found that participation in an entrepreneurship program significantly increased perceived feasibility of starting a business (entrepreneurial self-efficacy), which can ultimately enhance entrepreneurial intentions. Universities support entrepreneurship in many objectively measured ways, in order to understand the effect of such measures it is crucial to gauge the extent to which it could have an impact on students’ intentions to start businesses. This can be achieved by measuring students’ perceptions of the university support they receive or “perceived university support”. Therefore, my study takes a multi-perspective approach to assess the impact of entrepreneurship education with gender perspective. My findings will help policy-makers and university managers to understand the effectiveness of current practices and initiatives, particularly among women
جدید ترین شاعری یا نئی شاعری کے بارے میں ن م راشد کے خیالات
No full textDr. Saadat Saeed states that Rashed, along with introducing the free verse in Urdu poetry, contributed verse of exceptional quality in his genre. However, the Movement of New Linguistic Constructions, initiated in the early 1960s, recommended a shift in the use of language as well, from the highly persianized expression, to the simpler, everyday idiom. This article explores Rashed’s ideas on this newer development and inclination of writers who supported the movement
Conceptualizing the role of university’s entrepreneurial orientation: graduate-entrepreneurial intention
No full textThe Influence of Formal Institutions on The Relationship between Entrepreneurial Readiness and Entrepreneurial Behavior: A Cross-Country Analysis
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this paper is to use a unique set of measures from Holmes et al. (2013) to clarify the relationship between entrepreneurial readiness and entrepreneurial behaviours across countries and determine whether formal institutions moderate this relationship. Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses data collected by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, the Index of Economic Freedom, Political Risk Services, and the Freedom House and Political Constraint Index to test a theoretical model. A multilevel analysis is performed based on set of 377,356 observations from 51 countries spanning eight years (2001-2008). Findings: The results suggest that entrepreneurial readiness has a strong relationship with entrepreneurial behaviour (as measured by entrepreneurial entry and opportunity-based entrepreneurship) and that this relationship strengthens with increases in political democracy (PD), government regulations (GR), financial capital availability (FCA) and market liquidity (ML).
Research limitations/implications: The study is based on Holmes et al.’s (2013) institutions that are most important for society, uses satisfactory sample size and multi-level modelling. However, many more institutional conditions that remain to be considered might affect entrepreneurial activities. Practical implications: For policy-makers, the results show that PD, GR, FCA and ML correlate favourably with entrepreneurial behaviour when individuals have a high level of entrepreneurial readiness. Policy-makers should introduce policies that provide a secure environment to individuals to start their own ventures.
Originality/value: The current study is among the first to examine the three dimensions of formal institutions—political, regulatory, and economic institutions—in a single study. Using the three dimensions, the study explains theoretically and examines empirically the effect of individual-level entrepreneurial readiness on entrepreneurial behaviour
A 26 years Literature Review of National-Level Institutions: From Informal Institutions to Formal Institutions in Entrepreneurial Behaviour
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Entrepreneurial Readiness: Moderating Role of Gender and Cultural Practices on Entrepreneurial Entry
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