1,720,979 research outputs found
52) Carboni E., Ibba M., Schirru C., Sadile A. (2009). BEHAVIORAL AND NEUROCHEMICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY METHYLPHENIDATE OR ATOMOXETINE SUB-CHRONIC TREATMENT IN ADOLESCENT SPONTANEOUS HYPERTENSIVE RATS (SHR) ARE GENDER SPECIFIC
No full textAmong the therapeutic treatments for attention deficit with hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the psycho-stimulant methylphenidate (MP), represents the classic treatment while atomoxetine (ATO), a selective noradrenaline (NA) reuptake inhibitor, has been proposed successfully as an alternative to stimulant treatment. Spontaneous hypertensive (SH) rats, because they show several behavioural abnormalities (hyperactivity, hype-reactivity to stress and cognition deficit) have been proposed as an animal model of ADHD. The aim of this study, performed in male and female adolescent SH rats, was to assess the consequences of a 14 day treatment with MP, 1 mg/kg i.p. or ATO, 3 mg/kg i.p. or saline, twice a day on: i), the extracellular concentration of dopamine (DA) and NA in the PFC through the “in vivo” microdialysis method; ii) the spontaneous behavioural activity. We observed that neither MP nor ATO treatment changed the basal extracellular concentration (output) of NA or of DA in the PFC. We also observed that a challenge dose of MP (1 mg/kg i.p.) increased maximally NA output by 350 % and by 150 % and DA output by 158 % and 178 % in saline and MP male SH treated rats respectively. Moreover, a challenge dose of ATO (3 mg/kg i.p.) increased maximally NA output by 377 % and by 325 % and DA output by 287 % and 245 % in saline and ATO male SH treated rats respectively. Moreover we observed that a challenge dose of MP (1 mg/kg i.p.) increased maximally NA output by 210 % and by 200 % and DA output by 154 % and 144 % in saline and MP female SH treated rats respectively whereas a challenge dose of ATO (3 mg/kg i.p.) increased maximally NA output by 341 % and by 279 % and DA output by 192 % and 324 % in saline and ATO female SH treated rats respectively. Furthermore the sub-chronic treatment with MP or ATO determined a reduction of the locomotor activity in male but not in female SHR. Our most interesting results show that: i) acute ATO increased DA transmission much more than MP although they produced a similar effect on NA transmission in the PFC of SH control rats; ii) PFC basal NA and DA output was not affected by MP or ATO treatment in both male and female SHR; iii) MP treatment determines a strong tolerance to its challenge effect on NA transmission in the PFC of males but not female SHR. In summary our results suggest that the sub-chronic treatment with MP or ATX determine different and gender specific neurotransmission changes in PFC and gender specific spontaneous locomotor activity reduction
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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