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Reacciones psicológicas en situaciones de desastre y emergencia: estudio de la vivencia del suceso traumático
Full text linkAquesta tesi investiga la vivència del succés traumàtic estudiant les conseqüències a nivell de salut mental i de comportaments segurs, en supervivents de desastres i situacions d'emergència. En el primer estudi s'investiga la relació entre creixement posttraumàtic i estrès posttraumàtic i els predictors que poden promoure'ls. Els resultats de l'estudi evidencien una relació positiva entre el creixement posttraumàtic i els símptomes d'intrusió-hiperarousal i entre el creixement posttraumàtic i els símptomes d'evitació. S'utilitzen regressions múltiples per analitzar els factors de risc i de protecció associats al desenvolupament dels símptomes d'estrès i de creixement. Les anàlisis revelen que els símptomes de pànic prediuen tant els símptomes d'intrusió-hiperarousal com el creixement posttraumàtic. A més, es destaca que els símptomes d'intrusió-hiperarousal són mediadores en la relació entre els símptomes de pànic i el creixement posttraumàtic. En el segon estudi s'analitza si l'autoeficàcia percebuda durant una situació d'emergència és un factor de protecció enfront del desenvolupament de símptomes d'estrès posttraumàtic, utilitzant un model multivariant de regressió múltiple, on s'han inclòs altres predictors de símptomes d'estrès posttraumàtic, com alguns factors que reflecteixen l'experiència prèvia en emergència de la persona. Els resultats de l'estudi evidencien que els participants que es perceben com a més autoeficàcies durant el succés traumàtic presenten menys símptomes d'estrès posttraumàtic. Al contrari, en el gènere femení, la major percepció d'amenaça personal i més gravetat de la situació, s'associen a més símptomes d'estrès posttraumàtics. El tercer estudi analitza les reaccions emotives i comportamentals de supervivents afectats per un terratrèmol, utilitzant com a marc teòric dos models que intenten explicar la reacció humana en situacions de perill, és a dir el Model de l' Afecció Social de Mawson (2005) i el model ampliat de Kuligowski i Mileti (2009). Els resultats evidencien que algunes reaccions comportamentals són més freqüents que d'altres. A més, es confirma la hipòtesi del Model ampliat de Kuligowski i Mileti (2009), és a dir, que més percepció de risc s'associa amb l'evacuació, mentre que una major preparació en emergència prediu comportaments més adequats durant el terratrèmol. D'acord amb el Model del Vincle Social, els comportaments de recerca de proximitat de persones significatives són més freqüents que comportaments que reflecteixen la intenció d'escapar de la situació de perill. No obstant això, el context social no influeix en la resposta emocional, ni en l'evacuació i la recerca de protecció dins de l'edifici . Aquesta tesi contribueix a un millor enteniment del comportament humà en situacions de perill. Els resultats destaquen la importància de considerar tant els aspectes de vulnerabilitat com els possibles beneficis a aconseguir després de la vivència d'un succés traumàtic i la necessitat de millorar la preparació dels ciutadans per enfrontar-se als riscos ambientals .Esta tesis investiga la vivencia del suceso traumático estudiando las consecuencias a nivel de salud mental y de seguridad en sobrevivientes de desastres y situaciones de emergencia ocurridas en España e Italia. En el primero estudio se investiga la relación entre crecimiento postraumático y estrés postraumático y sus predictores. Los resultados del estudio evidencian una relación positiva entre el crecimiento postraumático y los síntomas de intrusión-hyperarousal, y entre el crecimiento postraumático y los síntomas de evitación. Los análisis revelan que los síntomas de pánico predicen tanto los síntomas de intrusión-hyperarousal como el crecimiento postraumático. Además, se destaca que los síntomas de intrusión-hyperarousal son mediatores en la relación entre los síntomas de pánico y el crecimiento postraumático. En el segundo estudio se analiza si la autoeficacia percibida durante una situación de emergencia es un factor de protección frente al desarrollo de síntomas de estrés postraumático, utilizando un modelo multivariante de regresión múltiple, donde se han incluido otros predictores de síntomas de estrés postraumático, como algunos factores que reflejan la experiencia previa en emergencia. Los resultados del estudio evidencian que los participantes que se perciben como más autoeficaces durante el suceso traumático presentan menos síntomas de estrés postraumático. Al contrario, el género femenino, mayor percepción de amenaza personal y más gravedad con respecto a la situación, se asocian a más síntomas de estrés postraumáticos. El tercero estudio analiza las reacciones emotivas y comportamentales de sobrevivientes afectados por un terremoto, utilizando como marco teórico el Modelo del Apego Social de Mawson (2005) y el modelo ampliado de Kuligowski y Mileti (2009). Los resultados evidencian que algunas reacciones comportamentales son más frecuentes que otras; además, más percepción de riesgo se asocia con la evacuación, mientras que una mayor preparación en emergencia predice comportamientos más adecuados durante el terremoto. De acuerdo con el Modelo del Apego Social, los comportamientos de búsqueda de cercanía de personas significativas son más frecuentes que comportamientos que reflejan la intención de escapar de la situación de peligro. Sin embargo, el contexto social no influye en la respuesta emocional, la evacuación y la búsqueda de protección dentro del edificio. La presente tesis contribuye a un mejor entendimiento del comportamiento humano en situaciones de peligro. Los resultados destacan la importancia de considerar tanto los aspectos de vulnerabilidad como los posibles beneficios conseguibles tras la vivencia de un suceso traumático y la necesidad de mejorar la preparación de los ciudadanos para enfrentarse a los riesgos ambientales.This thesis explores the experience of a traumatic event by studying the consequences in mental health and security among survivors of disasters and emergency situations; which occurred in Spain and Italy. In the first study we investigated the relation between posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress symptoms, and the contribution of several predictors to these outcomes. Posttraumatic growth was positively related to posttraumatic avoidance and intrusion-hyperarousal symptoms. Peritraumatic panic was a predictor of posttraumatic intrusion-hyperarousal symptoms and posttraumatic growth. Moreover, posttraumatic intrusion-hyperarousal symptoms mediate the relationship between peritraumatic panic symptoms and posttraumatic growth. The second study investigates if perceived self-efficacy during an emergency situation has a protective role in the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms. We explored the impact of self-efficacy in a multiple regression model including other predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms, such as factors related to survivors’ previous experience in emergency. Results showed that survivors who perceived themselves as more self-efficacious during the traumatic event had less posttraumatic stress symptoms. In contrast, female gender, more self-threat perception and higher trauma severity were associated with more symptoms. The aim of the third study was to investigate emotional and behavioural responses in earthquake survivors using the Kuligowski and Mileti’s (2009) extended model and the Social Attachment Model as a framework to explain the behavioural responses. The results evidenced that some behavioural responses were more frequent than others; moreover, perceived risk was associated with evacuation, and emergency preparedness was related to more efficient and effective responses during the earthquake. In line with the Social Attachment Model, affiliation behaviours were more frequent than flight behaviours, while, contrary to predictions, the social context did not influence emotional responses, evacuation behaviour, and search for protection. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of human behaviour in dangerous situations. The results highlight the importance of considering both vulnerability and potential achievable benefits following the experience of a traumatic event and the need to increase citizens’ preparedness to cope with environmental risks
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Psychosocial models and evacuation behavior
No full textEarly psychosocial models suggested that irrational panic was a generic reaction to collective threat. However, in the literature there are numerous examples of co-operation and even helping behaviours amongst crowd participants escaping from danger. However, rather than risks being associated with over-reaction in emergencies, the danger often lies within people’s under-reactions. Studies of behaviour in fires has found that rather than evacuating at the first sign of danger (such as a fire alarm going off, or the appearance of smoke) people often delay their escape, preferring to wait for cues from others. Other research has argued that existing norms of social behaviour often endure during emergencies. Even at the moments of greatest urgency, and when there was more individual competition, social bonds did not collapse entirely. For example, people were more likely to help the elderly than others, and family units continued to function. More recently, Mawson’s affiliation approach to behaviour in emergencies has suggested that when threatened, we seek familiarity rather than simply evacuate, and that the presence of familiar others has a calming effect. Drury and colleagues elaborated examined the extent to which a shared social identity might encourage such co-operative behaviours, and hence more efficient collective escape. We will present literature review and some data from Italy. We will also mention at the implications of these theoretical models and empirical evidence in the rescue workers practices to enhance safe and efficient evacuations of large numbers of people
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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